Structure & Function of the Body Ed 16 Patton Ch 1Questions with
Answers
anatomy - the study of an organism and the relationships of its parts; derived from two word parts that
mean "cutting apart"; dissection
dissection - process of cutting the human body apart for learning
physiology - the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts
scientific method - systematic approach to discovery; 1) propose hypothesis - idea or principle to be
tested 2) experimentation - series of tests of a hypothesis (a controlled experiment eliminates biases or
outside influences) 3) theory or law - a hypothesis that has been supported by experiments and thus
shown to have a high degree of confidence
experimental controls - used to ensure that the test situation is not affecting the results
test group - The experimental group that is exposed to the variable in an experiment.
control group - the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
theory or law - a hypothesis that has gained a high level of confidence
levels of organization - chemical level , organelle level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ
system level, organism level
chemical level - atoms and molecules
cells - smallest "living" units of structure and function; organizations of various chemicals
tissues - an organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function
, organs - a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged in ways that allow them to act as a unit to
perform a special function
systems - an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs that can work together to perform
complex functions for the body
organism - organization of all systems together, forming a whole body
microbiome - set of interacting communities of bacteria and other microorganisms that inhabit the
human body; influences normal body funtion
structure fits function - anatomical parts have structures exactly suited to perform specific functions
anatomical position - To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward; head
also points forward, as do the feet, which are aligned at the toe and set slightly apart
bilateral symmetry - the left and right sides of the body roughly mirror each other
supine - body is lying face upward
prone - body is lying face downward
superior - toward the head; upper, above
inferior - toward the feet; lower, below
anterior - front; in front of; ventral
posterior - back; in back of; dorsal
Answers
anatomy - the study of an organism and the relationships of its parts; derived from two word parts that
mean "cutting apart"; dissection
dissection - process of cutting the human body apart for learning
physiology - the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts
scientific method - systematic approach to discovery; 1) propose hypothesis - idea or principle to be
tested 2) experimentation - series of tests of a hypothesis (a controlled experiment eliminates biases or
outside influences) 3) theory or law - a hypothesis that has been supported by experiments and thus
shown to have a high degree of confidence
experimental controls - used to ensure that the test situation is not affecting the results
test group - The experimental group that is exposed to the variable in an experiment.
control group - the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
theory or law - a hypothesis that has gained a high level of confidence
levels of organization - chemical level , organelle level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ
system level, organism level
chemical level - atoms and molecules
cells - smallest "living" units of structure and function; organizations of various chemicals
tissues - an organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function
, organs - a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged in ways that allow them to act as a unit to
perform a special function
systems - an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs that can work together to perform
complex functions for the body
organism - organization of all systems together, forming a whole body
microbiome - set of interacting communities of bacteria and other microorganisms that inhabit the
human body; influences normal body funtion
structure fits function - anatomical parts have structures exactly suited to perform specific functions
anatomical position - To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward; head
also points forward, as do the feet, which are aligned at the toe and set slightly apart
bilateral symmetry - the left and right sides of the body roughly mirror each other
supine - body is lying face upward
prone - body is lying face downward
superior - toward the head; upper, above
inferior - toward the feet; lower, below
anterior - front; in front of; ventral
posterior - back; in back of; dorsal
