SSR-t: Statistiek
Lecture 2: introduction to statistical reasoning
Empirical cycle (Adriaan de Groot)
• Observation: sparks idea for hypothesis pattern, unexpected event, interesting relation we want to
explain -> source not important (personal, shared, imagined, previous research)
- observing relation in one or more instances
• Induction: with inductive reasoning relation in specific instances is transformed into general rule or
hypothesis
• Deduction: relation should hold in new instances expectations/prediction is deduced about new
observations determine research setup define concepts, measurement instruments, procedures and
samples
- hypothesis is transformed with deductive reasoning and specification of research setup into
prediction about new observations
• Testing: compare data to prediction
- data collection
- compare data to prediction
- statistical processing
- descriptive: summarize the observations for us
- inferential statistic: decide if the correlation was correct
The components
• Observation: idea for hypothesis
• Induction: general rule and hypothesis
• Deduction: expectation/prediction -> operationalization
• Testing: test hypothesis -> compare data to prediction
• Evaluation: interpret results in terms of hypothesis
Experiment: example
• Data: number of heads
• Expected value: 5 times head
, Lecture 4: null hypothesis significance testing (NHST)
• In 5% van de gevallen valt het gemiddelde niet binnen de lowerbound en de upperbound van
het betrouwbaarheidsval
Decision table
Lecture 2: introduction to statistical reasoning
Empirical cycle (Adriaan de Groot)
• Observation: sparks idea for hypothesis pattern, unexpected event, interesting relation we want to
explain -> source not important (personal, shared, imagined, previous research)
- observing relation in one or more instances
• Induction: with inductive reasoning relation in specific instances is transformed into general rule or
hypothesis
• Deduction: relation should hold in new instances expectations/prediction is deduced about new
observations determine research setup define concepts, measurement instruments, procedures and
samples
- hypothesis is transformed with deductive reasoning and specification of research setup into
prediction about new observations
• Testing: compare data to prediction
- data collection
- compare data to prediction
- statistical processing
- descriptive: summarize the observations for us
- inferential statistic: decide if the correlation was correct
The components
• Observation: idea for hypothesis
• Induction: general rule and hypothesis
• Deduction: expectation/prediction -> operationalization
• Testing: test hypothesis -> compare data to prediction
• Evaluation: interpret results in terms of hypothesis
Experiment: example
• Data: number of heads
• Expected value: 5 times head
, Lecture 4: null hypothesis significance testing (NHST)
• In 5% van de gevallen valt het gemiddelde niet binnen de lowerbound en de upperbound van
het betrouwbaarheidsval
Decision table
