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Hands-On Vision and Behavior for Self-Driving Cars

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"Book Description The visual perception capabilities of a self-driving car are powered by computer vision. The work relating to self-driving cars can be broadly classified into three components - robotics, computer vision, and machine learning. This book provides existing computer vision engineers and developers with the unique opportunity to be associated with this booming field. You will learn about computer vision, deep learning, and depth perception applied to driverless cars. The book provides a structured and thorough introduction, as making a real self-driving car is a huge cross-functional effort. As you progress, you will cover relevant cases with working code, before going on to understand how to use OpenCV, TensorFlow and Keras to analyze video streaming from car cameras. Later, you will learn how to interpret and make the most of lidars (light detection and ranging) to identify obstacles and localize your position. You''''ll even be able to tackle core challenges in self-driving cars such as finding lanes, detecting pedestrian and crossing lights, performing semantic segmentation, and writing a PID controller. By the end of this book, you''''ll be equipped with the skills you need to write code for a self-driving car running in a driverless car simulator, and be able to tackle various challenges faced by autonomous car engineers. What you will learn Understand how to perform camera calibration Become well-versed with how lane detection works in self-driving cars using OpenCV Explore behavioral cloning by self-driving in a video-game simulator Get to grips with using lidars Discover how to configure the controls for autonomous vehicles Use object detection and semantic segmentation to locate lanes, cars, and pedestrians Write a PID controller to control a self-driving car running in a simulator"

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Uploaded on
July 18, 2024
Number of pages
342
Written in
2015/2016
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Presentation
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Table of Contents

,Preface

Section 1: OpenCV and Sensors and Signals

Chapter 1: OpenCV Basics and Camera Calibration

Technical requirements4

Introduction to OpenCV and NumPy4

OpenCV and NumPy 4

Image size 5

Grayscale images 5

RGB images 6

Working with image files7

Working with video files9

Working with webcams 10

Manipulating images10

Flipping an image 10

Blurring an image 11

Changing contrast, brightness, and gamma 13

Drawing rectangles and text 15

Pedestrian detection using HOG15

Sliding window 16

Using HOG with OpenCV 16

Introduction to the camera 18

Camera terminology 18

,The components of a camera 25

Considerations for choosing a camera 26

Strengths and weaknesses of cameras 27

Camera calibration with OpenCV28

Distortion detection 29

Calibration 30

Summary31

Questions32

Chapter 2: Understanding and Working with Signals

Technical requirements34

Understanding signal types34

Analog versus digital34

Serial versus parallel36

Universal Asynchronous Receive and Transmit (UART) 38

Differential versus single-ended 41

I2C 44

SPI 48

Framed-based serial protocols50

Understanding CAN 51

Ethernet and internet protocols 55

Understanding UDP 56

Understanding TCP 59

, Summary62

Questions63

Further reading63

Open source protocol tools 63

Chapter 3: Lane Detection

Technical requirements66

How to perform thresholding66

How thresholding works on different color spaces 67

RGB/BGR 67

HLS 69

HSV 70

LAB 70

YCbCr 71

Our choice 71

Perspective correction72

Edge detection74

Interpolated threshold 76

Combined threshold 77

Finding the lanes using histograms78

The sliding window algorithm79

Initialization 80

Coordinates of the sliding windows 81
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