CML1501 Assignment 2 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester 2 2023 (638838) - DUE 19 September 2023

CML1501 Assignment 2 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) Semester 2 2023 () - DUE 19 September 2023 100% TRUSTED workings, explanations and solutions. for assistance........... ....................................... Name the FOUR (4) freedoms (rights) included in section 16 of the Constitution as well as the THREE (3) categories of acts which are excluded. Included: 1. …………………………………………………………………………………......…………… ………………………………………………………………………………......……………… 2. ………………………………………………………………………………………......……… ……………………………………………………………………………………......………… 3. ………………………………………………………………………………………......……… ……………………………………………………………………………………......………… 4. ………………………………………………………………………………………......……… …………………………………………………………………………………......…………… Excluded: 1. ………………………………………………………………………………………......………… ………………………………………………………………………………………......………… ………………………………………………………………………………………......………… ………………………………………………………………………………………......………… 2. ………………………………………………………………………………………......………… ………………………………………………………………………………………......………… ………………………………………………………………………………………......………… ………………………………………………………………………………………......………… 3. ………………………………………………………………………………………......………… ………………………………………………………………………………………......………… ………………………………………………………………………………………......………… ………………………………………………………………………………………......………… (13) 1.2 The press usually sees its role as “watchdog” to inform the public of government malpractice and incompetence. Name TWO (2) other functions of a free press in a democratic society. ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................... ................................................. (2) [15] QUESTION 2 (Regulation of the media and new media technology) NOTE THE CHOICE BETWEEN QUESTION ONE AND TWO DO NOT ANSWER BOTH 2.1 Write brief notes on THREE (3) of the following: (a) The various types of licences available for broadcasting purposes. (b) Possible crimes that can be committed in respect of information on a computer network. (c) Liabilities of an employer should he/she read an employee's e-mail. (d) Sanctions that can be imposed by the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) if a licensee has contravened the Telecommunications Act 103 of 1996 or the conditions of his/her licence. ............................................................................................................................. ............................... .................................................................................................... ........................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ............................... ............................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ............................... 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(3 x 5 =15) [15] QUESTION 3 (Court reporting and copyright) (This question must be answered by all students) 3.1 In South Africa there are a number of statutes which lay down as a general rule, that all courts – civil as well as criminal – should be open so that anyone who wishes to attend, can have access. There are various reasons for open courts. Name FOUR (4) reasons. …............................................................................................................................ ................ …................................................................................................................. ........................... …............................................................................................................................ ................ …................................................................................................................. ........................... …............................................................................................................................ ................ …............................................................................................................................................ …............................................................................................................................ ................ ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. .................. ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. .................. (4) 3.2 X is a biologist. He is also a qualified person for the purposes of the Copyright Act 98 of 1978. On a trip through the Cape Province, X photographs several species of wild flowers as part of his job as lecturer at the university. In his spare time he writes a travel book “Travelling through Africa”. Due to his extensive knowledge of the different species of wildflowers, X is invited to give talks to various tourist groups who come to see the spectacular display of wildflowers in Cape Town during spring. Answer the following questions and give a reason for your answer in each case. (a) Who is the owner of the copyright in the photographs of the wild flowers? (b) Who is the owner of the copyright in the travel book? (c) Say, for instance X uses the photographs of the wildflowers to create a poster to illustrate to his students, and on occasion, to the tourists, the difference between the various species of wildflowers. Does the poster in any way constitute an infringement of anyone else’s copyright? If so, will X be able to rely on any defences? (d) In his private time X writes a script for a documentary film dealing with the various species of wildflowers and various painting techniques to paint flowers. Who is the owner of the copyright in the script? (e) X instructs Y to make a film using the script against payment of an agreed fee. Who is the owner of the copyright in the film? (f) Z translates the script into German without obtaining X’s permission. Who is the owner of the copyright in the translated script? (g) One of X’s landscape paintings of the wildflowers in the countryside is displayed at an art exhibition. During the exhibition B buys the painting from X. Who is the owner of the copyright in the painting after the sale thereof? (a) …............................................................................................................................ .......... ......................................................................................................................................(2) (b) ............................................................................................................................. ............. ...................................................................................................................... ................(2) (c) ............................................................................................................................. ............. ................................................................................................. ....................................(2) (d) ............................................................................................................................. ............. ......................................................................................................................................(2) (e) ............................................................................................................................. ............. ......................................................................................................................................(2) (f) ............................................................................................................................. ............. ......................................................................................................................................(2) (g) ……….......................................................................................................................... ..... ......................................................................................................................................(2) [18] QUESTION 4 (Information and various statutes) (This question must be answered by all students) 4.1 In the paragraph that follows, certain words and phrases have been omitted. Supply the missing words and phrases by writing the answer next to the corresponding letters after the paragraph. A person who has been subpoenaed to testify during criminal proceedings may normally not refuse to answer the questions put to him or her. When such a witness has a “just excuse”, refusal will be permissible. The only “just excuse” recognised in relation to a communicator is the privilege provided against .....(a) although reporters are of the opinion that in their case .....(b) should apply. In certain circumstances a prosecutor may award a witness a legal exemption against prosecution, called .....(c). In other circumstances where a witness refuses to answer questions, the court can punish the witness by sentencing him or her to ..... (d). Such a sentence may not be imposed unless the judge is of the opinion that the information is necessary for .....(e) or .....(f) (6) Answer The words and phrases that have been omitted are: (a) ...................................................................................................................................................................... (b) .................................................................................................................................................... (c) ...................................................................................................................................................................... (d) ...................................................................................................................................................................... (e) .................................................................................................................................................... (f) ....................................................................................................................................................................... (6) 4.2 X a prisoner, is serving the last six months of her prison sentence. She was convicted for keeping a brothel. She knows that she has no financial prospects when she is released from prison. She contacts a journalist of a tabloid newspaper and offers to give her account of the circumstances which led to her conviction to the newspaper, in exchange for a large sum of money. The journalist writes the article and phones the National Commissioner to confirm certain facts before the article is published. (i) Which procedure should be followed in terms of section 123 of the Correctional Services Act 111 of 1998 before the article may be published? 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(ii) What will the position be if the National Commissioner was not consulted beforehand and only becomes aware of the situation when he reads the article in the newspaper? 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[12] QUESTION 5 (Defamation and invasion of privacy) (This question must be answered by all students) 5.1 A, a reporter at Celeb-News magazine publishes an article about Z, a well-known businesswoman. In the article allegations are made that Z has worked as an escort, that she is guilty of “underhanded business practices” and involved with human trafficking. Due to these allegations Z loses a business contract to the amount of R800 000. Z is upset and threatens to institute proceedings for defamation against the magazine. (a) May Z institute proceedings for defamation against Celeb-News magazine? Discuss fully. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………….……………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………….………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………….…………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………...…….…… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………….……………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………….………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………….………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …….…………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………….……………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ............................................................................................................................. .................... ............................................................................................................... .................................. ............................................................................................................................. .................... ................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .................... ................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .................... ...................................................................................................................................... ........... ........................................................................................................................ ......................... ............................................................................................................................. .................... ................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .................... ................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. .................... .............................................................................................................................................. ... ............................................................................................................................. .................... ............................................................................................................................. .................... .............................................................................................. ................................................... (12) 5.2 Explain the meaning of “absolute privilege” as a defence in an action for defamation. Give an example. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….… ………………………………………………………………………………………….……………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….… ………………………………………………………………………………………….……………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….… ………………………………………………………………………………………….……………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… ………………………………………………………………………………………………….………. (2) 5.3 NAME FOUR (4) defences which one may rely on against a claim for invasion of privacy. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..… ……………………………………………………………………………….…………………….….… …………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..….… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………...…… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..… ………………………………………………………………………………………….……….….…… ………………………………………………………………………………………….……….….…… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..….… ………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..…… ............................................................................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................................................. ...................................... ............................................................................................................................. ...................... (4) [18] QUESTION 6 (Advertising and pornography) (This question must be answered by all students.) 6.1 ABC Wheel and Tyres, a manufacturer of tyres, publishes false information relating to the tyres of its competitor, XYZ Tyres. Due to these false allegations, XYZ Tyres suffers a loss of R200 000. XYZ Tyres wants to institute a claim for false disparagement of goods and services. Name the elements which must be present to constitute the delict of false disparagement of goods and services, and give an example from case law. ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ (5) 6.2 Publications can be classified into several different categories in terms of the Films and Publications Act 65 of 1996. Name TWO (2) of these categories