Biology 171 UH MANOA (Questions & Answers) Rated 100% Correct!!

3 transfers of DNA - Transformation: bacteria takes up naked DNA Transduction: a virus transfers the genes Conjugation: a hollow tube, or pilus transfers genes between organisms A population has 700 individuals, 85 of genotype AA, 320 of genotype Aa, and 295 of genotype aa. What are the allele frequencies of A (p) and a (q)? A. p = 0.58, q = 0.42 B. p = 0.35, q = 0.65 C. p = 0.65, q = 0.35 D. p = 0.50, q = 0.50 - Total number of alleles = 700 x 2 = 1400 p = ((85x2)+320)/1400 = 0.35 q = ((295x2)+320)/1400 = 0.65 adaptive radiation - An evolutionary pattern in which many species evolve from a single ancestral species Aldose - carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton. allopolyploidy - polyploidy resulting from contribution of chromosomes from two or more species, common in plants, takes two generations An animal cell has a 2% salt concentration. It is placed into a solution with a 0.05% salt concentration. What will happen to the cell? - Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell and burst analogous structures - structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in functionaneuploidy - Abnormal number of chromosomes. Are enveloped or non-enveloped viruses more tolerant of harsh conditions? - non-enveloped Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic? - hydrophobic Are ribosomes organelles? - No, they are not membrane bound asymptomatic disease - disease without symptoms attenuating - to weaken or reduce in force, intensity, effect (weakening virus with vaccine) autocrine signaling - the target cell is also the secreting cell, often occurs during the early development of an organism to ensure that cells develop into the correct tissues, cell can signal itself to undergo programmed cell death, killing the virus in the process Autopolyploidy - an individual that has more than two chromosome sets that are all derived from a single species back mutation - when a mutated gene reverses to its original base composition (think vaccine) Bacteriophage - A virus that infects bacteria basal taxa - developed early in evolutionary history of a larger clade; component species become extinct early in history of larger clade (lower in cladogram) basal transcription factors - Proteins, present in all eukaryotic cells, that bind to promoters and help initiate ioral isolation - Isolation caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors Besides mutation what is the main way that bacertia become resistant to anti-biotics? - HGT Buffer - compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH by accepting OH and H ions cAMP is an example of a - positive regulator