GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1.1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS.

GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1.1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS. 4 kinds of coastal erosion -Answer-Solution, abrasion, attrition, hydraulic power Abrasion -Answer-Sandpapering pebbles grinding against platform until smooth Afforestation (preventing flooding) -Answer-Trees planted to increase interception of rain water Attrition -Answer-Pebbles carried by sea knock against each other to be smaller and rounder Bars -Answer-Longshore drift caucuses spit to grow across a bay trapping a lake behind it causing a bar waves deposit sediment due to friction with seabed, build up of sediment cause wave to break from coast Beach nourishment (coast defence) -Answer-Dumping new sand onto eroding beaches to restore them, needs maintaining and is costly Beach stabilisation (coast defence) -Answer-Planting dead trees in sand widens beach but requires maintenance Biological weathering (cliffs) -Answer-Plants growing in cracks and animals burrowing in weak rock Causes of climate change- human -Answer--Burning fossil fuels and realising co2 -deforestation Causes of climate change- natural -Answer--Orbital changes -Solar activity (heat output varies) -Volcanic activity (ash) Causes of desertification -Answer-Erosion, overgrazing, drought, soil compaction, agriculture Challenges of the Thar desert -Answer-Temperature- working in high temperature hard for farmers and lead to water shortage Water supply- as a population and farming industry grows water need increases Accessibility issues- limited roads tarmac would melt Chemical weathering (cliffs) -Answer-Caused by chemical changes eg rain water is acidic Chile HIC earthquake -Answer-27th feb 2010, 8.8 Richter scale, caused on destructive plate margin PE- 500 deaths, Santiago airport damaged SE- 1500km road damaged by landslide IR- Emergency service floating bridge, field hospitals LTR- President said 4 years to recover Coastal transportation 4 kinds -Answer-Solution; Suspension; Traction; Saltation Confluence -Answer-Where a tributary joins a larger river Conservative plate -Answer-Two plates moving alongside, friction can send shockwaves causing earthquakes Constructive plates -Answer-Two plates move apart, magma forces way along gap and causes earthquake, erupted lava cools and forms volcano Constructive waves -Answer-Deposit large amounts of sand and pebbles construct beaches strong swash (spilling) Consumers -Answer-Get energy by consuming other organisms Deposition -Answer-Occurs when the velocity decreases and there is no more energy Describe a tropical rainforest -Answer-Hot and humid all year High biodiversity Desert distribution -Answer-30 degrees north and south of equator sub tropic high pressure belts sinking air stops cloud forming Destructive plate -Answer-Two plates moving towards one another, oceanic plate subducts under continental plate and friction causes melting of oceanic plate, triggers earthquake Destructive waves -Answer-Formed by storms can destroy beach removing pebbles with strong backwash (plunging) Drainage basin -Answer-An area drained by a major river and its tributaries Dune regeneration (coast defence) -Answer-New sand dunes which absorb wave energy but results in land loss Economic gains of deforestation -Answer-Improved transport, hydroelectric power, minerals are valuable, palm oil industry benefits Economic losses of deforestation -Answer-Medicine loss