NURS 261 FINAL EXAM with correct answers 2024

Identify the anatomy of the abdominal cavity. correct answers Trachea, Esophagus, Right lung, Left lung, Liver (right and left lobe) Stomach, Gallbladder, Spleen, Pancreas, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Ascending Colon, Cecum, Small Intestine, Appendix, Rectum Describe the anatomical landmarks used in the assessment of the abdomen. correct answers Xiphoid Process (middle of chest between nipples) Costal Margin (slightly left of midline) Midline (center of stomach midline) Umbilicus (midline belly button) Anterosuperior iliac spine McBurneys Point Pouparts ligament Superior margin of os pubis Describe the expected findings from inspection of the abdomen. correct answers - Surface characteristics should be smooth. Silver white striae; scars; and a very faint vascular network may be present. The umbilicus should be centrally located - Skin color may be paler than other parts of the body because of lack of exposure - Contours may be round, flat or scaphoid. - A flat contour is found in muscular or athletic adults. - A round contour is found in adults with poor muscle tone or subcutaneous fat. - A scaphoid contour is found in thin adults - The abdomen should move smoothly and evenly with respirations - Females exhibit thoracic movements - Males exhibit abdominal movements - Peristalsis is not visible Describe the process for auscultating the abdomen for bowel sounds, and the expected findings. correct answers Bowel sounds are produced by the movement of air and fluid through stomach, small and large intestines. Because of this listening in all four quadrants is not necessary. A bowel sound heard in one quadrant can be hear in another quadrant. Process: use diaphragm of stethoscope lightly and listen in a systematic progression. RLQ, RUQ, LUQ, LLQ. Explain the order of assessment techniques of the abdomen, including the rationale for the order. correct answers Inspection, auscultation, palpation, percussion. Always auscultate the abdomen before palpation so that the presence of absence of bowel sounds or pain is not altered.