Pharmacology NBME Exam questions with solutions fully verified for accuracy

Types of smooth muscle vasculature bladder reproductive tracts GI tract respiratory tract skin eye Types of Muscarinic receptors M1, M2, M3 QIQ Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More Location and function of M1 multiple functions in Nerve endings Location and function of M2 decelerates the heart rate Location and function of M3 contracts smooth muscle including bladder wall and bronchi relaxes sphincters (increases GI motility) increases secretions in glands vasodilates contracts the circular and ciliary muscle for near vision accommodation Location and function of alpha1 constricts smooth muscle and sphincters Location and function of alpha2 decreases transmitter release at nerve endings Location and function of beta1 increases heart rate and contractibility in cardiac muscle Increases renin secretion in kidney Location and function of beta2 relaxes smooth muscle including bronchi and bladder wall, increases glucose availability in liver and skeletal muscle Location and function of beta3 increases lipolysis in adipose Tone at rest most organs are controlled by PNS but cardiac ventricle and vascular smooth muscle are controlled by SNS Different effects on receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine Epinephrine can act on B2 receptors along with alpha and beta1 But norepinephrine cannot act on B2 SLUD-BBAM Salivation Lacrimation Urination Diarrhea Bradycardia Bronchoconstriction Abdominal Cramps Miosis Direct Acting Muscarinic Agonists effect Induce PNS like control (SLUD-BBAM) Direct Acting Muscarinic Agonists Bethanechol- ileus and urinary rentention Methacholine- challenge test for asthma Pilocarpine- dry mouth, glaucoma, sjogren's syndrome Antimuscarinic effects They inhibit Parasympathetic action so activity of drug will mimic sympathetic effects (opposite of SLUD-BBAM) Antimuscarninics (muscarinic antagonists) Atropine Glycopyrrolate Tropicamide Ipratropium Darifenacin Scopolamine Benztropine Atropine An antimuscarinic used to treat organohosphate poisoning bradycardia, preop/surgery to dry secretions (can produce CYCLOPLEGIA) produces opposite of SLUD-BBAM Pralidoxime used to treat organophosphate poisoning Glycopyrrolate An antimuscarinic used for preop/surgery to dry secretions Tropicamide An antimuscarinic used for eye exams (causes mydriatic eyes) Ipratropium (Atrovent) An antimuscarinic used to treat asthma "I pray I can breathe soon" Darifenacin (Enablex) An antimuscarinic used to treat overactive bladder Scopolamine An antimuscarinic used to treat motion sickness Benztropine (Cogentin) An antimuscarinic used to treat Parkinson's disease "park my benz" Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChE inhibitors) effects it is an indirect muscarinic agonist so it will produce PNS like control (SLUD-BBAM) Malathion an organophosphate insecticide that acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Sarin an organophosphate nerve gas that acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor