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psychodynamic theory view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. personality An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. unconscious According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware. psychoanalysis Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. the mind preconscious, conscious, unconscious personality structure Id, Ego, Superego id Reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. It operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. ego The largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among demands of the id, super ego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. super ego The part of personality that represents internalized ideas and provides standards for judgment and for future gratification. personality development Freud believed that personality is affected by how a child deals with changes in the focus of the id on different parts of the body as the child gets older. (develop through gratification) psychosexual stages the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones defense mechanism In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. six defense mechanism regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, denial regression Retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated. reaction formation A person acts in a way opposite to what he or she truly feels that may seem unacceptable. projection Disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others. rationalization Defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions. displacement Defense mechanism by which people divert sexual or aggressive feelings for one person onto another person or object that opposes less threat denial Defense mechanism by which people refuse to accept reality. repression In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness. oral pleasure centers on the mouth--sucking, biting, chewing 0-18months anal pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination, coping with demands for control 18-36months phallic pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings 3-6years old latency a phase or dormant sexual feelings 6-puberty Sigmud Freud The descendant on the psychodynamic theories