cognitive psychology (memory) exam questions and answers

Encoding the processing of information into the memory system Storage maintaining encoded information in memory over time Retrieval the process of getting information out of memory storage Memory the ability to store and retrieve information that we have learned Elizabeth Loftus did research on memory construction and the misinformation effect and created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony Automatic Processing unconscious processing of incidental information and well-learned information, occurs with little or no effort Effortful Processing encoding that requires attention and conscious effort Rehearsal repetition of information, use most often for novel verbal information Two Types of Rehersal maintenance and elaborative Maintenance Rehearsal repeating information over and over to keep it active in short-term memory Elaborative Rehearsal thinking about how new information relates to information already stored in long-term memory Spacing Effect we learn better when rehearsal is distributed over time Serial Position Effect out tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list (primacy and recency) Primacy enhanced recall from the beginning of the list (more time to rehearse) Recency enhanced recall from the end of the list (in short term memory) Shallow Processing maintenance rehearsal, STM storage Deep Processing elaboartive rehearsal, LTM storage Phonemic Processing encoding what things sound like Semantic Encoding encoding the meaning of something