TEST BANK FOR BURNS AND BURN TREATMENT TEXTBOOK : MEDICALSURGICAL NURSING 7TH EDITION LATEST UPDATE

TEST BANK FOR BURNS AND BURN TREATMENT TEXTBOOK : MEDICALSURGICAL NURSING 7TH EDITION LATEST UPDATE How are chemical burns initially treated? - ANSWERRemove chemical from skin (may scrub with soft brush to remove alkaline agent); Remove clothing; and Water lavage. What changes to K+ occur as a result of burns? - ANSWER-Injured cells and hemolyzed RBCs release K+ into extracellular spaces leading to hyperkalemia. Then, K+ shifts and decreases K+ leading to hypokalemia. Tissue destruction related to a chemical burn can occur up to _______ hours after the initial injury. - ANSWER-72 hours How can the liver or kidneys be damaged from an external chemical burn? - ANSWER-The substance can be absorbed into the circulation and cause damage as it's detoxified or excreted. What are the 2 commonly used guides to determine the extent of burns? - ANSWER-Lund-Browder Chart (most accurate) and Rule of 9's (good for initial adult assessment). _______ is an electrolyte imbalance that can occur following successful fluid replacement due to improper tube feedings of burn patients. - ANSWER-Acute phase (hypernatremia) A good time for exercise of a burn patient is during _______. - ANSWER-wound cleaning Depth? Involves Dermis. Moist, pink, painful, blisters, blanches. 10-21 days healing time. - ANSWER-Deep partial-thickness What should staff wear when caring for patients with open burn wounds? - ANSWER-Disposable hats, masks, gown, and gloves. Chemical burns result from tissue injury caused by... - ANSWER-acids, alkalis, and organic compounds. Depth? Requires skin grafting... - ANSWER-Full thickness What wound care method is used for facial burn? - ANSWER-Open method (topical ointment only). How is corneal burns treated? - ANSWER-Antibiotic ointment (*note patient may be frightened by periorbital edema). How should hands and arms be positioned for burn patients? - ANSWER-Extended and elevated on pillows or slings to prevent contractures. How are small thermal burns initially treated? - ANSWERCover with clean, cool tap water (dampened towel). What are the 3 major types of inhalation injuries? - ANSWER-CO poisoning, injury above glottis, and injury below glottis. What are clues a patient has an inhalation injury above the glottis? - ANSWER-Facial burns, soot around the mouth/nose, singed nose hair, hoarseness, painful swallowing, dark nasal/oral membranes, and stridor. Inhalation injury _______ the glottis causes tracheal or bronchial constriction and alveolar damage. - ANSWERbelow What are the clinical manifestations seen during the emergent phase of burns? - ANSWER-Shock (pain and hypovolemia), blisters, shivering, and altered mental status. What drugs are commonly used in the treatment of burn patients? - ANSWER-Morphine (increased doses, 10 mg not uncommon), deluded, haloperidol, Ativan, versed, tetanus shot, sulfamylon, and silvadene. How is an inhalation injury below the glottis treated? - ANSWER-Bronchoscopy within 6-12 hours. If interstitial edema, endotracheal intubation. The emergent phase of burns begins with _______ and ends with _______. It lasts _______ hours. - ANSWERfluid loss and edema; fluid mobilization and diuresis; lasts 24-48 hours What are the major complications during the acute phase of burns? - ANSWER-Infection, decreased ROM, contractures, paralytic ileus/Curling's ulcer, and hyperglycemia. Burn location: Face, neck, chest - _______, Hands, feet, joints, eyes - _______, and Ears, nose - _______. - ANSWER-face, neck, chest - respiratory obstruction; hands, feet, joints, eyes - self-care; ears, nose - infection. What patient risk factors can contribute to delayed recovery from burns? - ANSWER-Alcoholism, drug abuse, malnutrition, concurrent fractures, head injuries, and trauma. What changes to Na+ occur as a result of burns? - ANSWER-Shifts into interstitial spaces and remains there until edema formation ceases. What are the characteristics of hypovolemic shock associated with burns? - ANSWER-Decreased albumin, edema, increased HR, decreased BP, increased