Final exam Study guide for MDC4
Questions and Answers 2024
Pain types - CORRECT ANSWER-Cutaneous pain: Arises from burning your skin like
on a hot iron or from touching a hot pan on the stove.
Visceral pain: Caused from deep internal disorders such as menstrual cramps, labor
pains, or gastrointestinal infections.
Deep Somatic pain: Originates from the ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels and
bones. Examples would be fractures or sprains.
Radiating pain: Starts at an origin but extends to other locations. Example: pain from a
sore throat might extend to ears and head.
Referred pain: Occurs in an area distant from the site of origin. Example: pain from a
heart attack might be felt in the left arm or jaw.
Phantom pain: Pain that is perceived from an area that has been surgically or
traumatically removed. Example: pain from an amputated limb.
Neuropathic pain: Results from an injury of one or more nerves.
Acute pain: Short duration, rapid onset, and associated with some kind of injury.
Chronic pain: Last 6 months or longer and interferes with activities of daily living.
Sympathetic Responses (Acute Pain) - CORRECT ANSWER-Dilated blood vessels to
the brain, increased alertness
Dilated pupils
Impaired GI motility
Increased heart rate and force of contraction
Increased respiratory rate, shallow breathing
Increased systolic blood pressure
Pallor
Parasympathetic Responses (Deep or Prolonged Pain) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Changeable breathing patterns
Constricted pupils
Decreased pulse rate
Decreased systolic blood pressure, feeling faint, possible syncope
Withdrawal
Behavioral Responses (Voluntary) - CORRECT ANSWER-Agitation, striking out,
fidgeting
Grimacing, frowning, fearful facial expression, grinding teeth
Guarding, bracing, or rubbing the painful area
Moaning, groaning, crying, sighing, crying
Rapid speech (acute pain); slow, monotonous speech (chronic pain)
Withdrawing from painful stimuli, resisting certain movements with care
Eating and sleeping poorly
, Reduced energy, reduced interest in others, reduced activity level and mobility
Change in gait
Infection Types - CORRECT ANSWER-Bacteria
Virus
Fungus
Immunity Types - CORRECT ANSWER-
Prevent infection - CORRECT ANSWER-Avoid crowds
Bathe daily with antimicrobial soap
Wash hands thoroughly
Avoid raw fruits and vegetables
Avoid working in the garden or with houseplants
Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection
Signs of infection - CORRECT ANSWER-Increase in temperature
Purulent drainage
Foul-smelling drainage
Cloudy urine
Prevention of infection when hospitalized - CORRECT ANSWER-Private room
Clean patient room and bathroom daily
Vital signs every 4 hours
Change gauze dressings daily
Encourage cough and deep breathing exercises
Strict aseptic technique for invasive procedures
No fresh flowers or potted plants in room
Avoid undercooked meat
Sterile field - CORRECT ANSWER-Creating and maintaining a sterile field is an
essential component of aseptic technique. A sterile field is an area created by placing
sterile surgical drapes around the patient's surgical site and on the stand that will hold
sterile instruments and other items needed during surgery
Impaired immune system - CORRECT ANSWER-Older adults
Low socioeconomic classes related to inability to obtain immunizations
Non-immunized adults
Adults w/ chronic illness
Adults on drug therapy such as corticosteroids or chemotherapeutic agents
Clients w/ substance abuse disorders
Questions and Answers 2024
Pain types - CORRECT ANSWER-Cutaneous pain: Arises from burning your skin like
on a hot iron or from touching a hot pan on the stove.
Visceral pain: Caused from deep internal disorders such as menstrual cramps, labor
pains, or gastrointestinal infections.
Deep Somatic pain: Originates from the ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels and
bones. Examples would be fractures or sprains.
Radiating pain: Starts at an origin but extends to other locations. Example: pain from a
sore throat might extend to ears and head.
Referred pain: Occurs in an area distant from the site of origin. Example: pain from a
heart attack might be felt in the left arm or jaw.
Phantom pain: Pain that is perceived from an area that has been surgically or
traumatically removed. Example: pain from an amputated limb.
Neuropathic pain: Results from an injury of one or more nerves.
Acute pain: Short duration, rapid onset, and associated with some kind of injury.
Chronic pain: Last 6 months or longer and interferes with activities of daily living.
Sympathetic Responses (Acute Pain) - CORRECT ANSWER-Dilated blood vessels to
the brain, increased alertness
Dilated pupils
Impaired GI motility
Increased heart rate and force of contraction
Increased respiratory rate, shallow breathing
Increased systolic blood pressure
Pallor
Parasympathetic Responses (Deep or Prolonged Pain) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Changeable breathing patterns
Constricted pupils
Decreased pulse rate
Decreased systolic blood pressure, feeling faint, possible syncope
Withdrawal
Behavioral Responses (Voluntary) - CORRECT ANSWER-Agitation, striking out,
fidgeting
Grimacing, frowning, fearful facial expression, grinding teeth
Guarding, bracing, or rubbing the painful area
Moaning, groaning, crying, sighing, crying
Rapid speech (acute pain); slow, monotonous speech (chronic pain)
Withdrawing from painful stimuli, resisting certain movements with care
Eating and sleeping poorly
, Reduced energy, reduced interest in others, reduced activity level and mobility
Change in gait
Infection Types - CORRECT ANSWER-Bacteria
Virus
Fungus
Immunity Types - CORRECT ANSWER-
Prevent infection - CORRECT ANSWER-Avoid crowds
Bathe daily with antimicrobial soap
Wash hands thoroughly
Avoid raw fruits and vegetables
Avoid working in the garden or with houseplants
Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection
Signs of infection - CORRECT ANSWER-Increase in temperature
Purulent drainage
Foul-smelling drainage
Cloudy urine
Prevention of infection when hospitalized - CORRECT ANSWER-Private room
Clean patient room and bathroom daily
Vital signs every 4 hours
Change gauze dressings daily
Encourage cough and deep breathing exercises
Strict aseptic technique for invasive procedures
No fresh flowers or potted plants in room
Avoid undercooked meat
Sterile field - CORRECT ANSWER-Creating and maintaining a sterile field is an
essential component of aseptic technique. A sterile field is an area created by placing
sterile surgical drapes around the patient's surgical site and on the stand that will hold
sterile instruments and other items needed during surgery
Impaired immune system - CORRECT ANSWER-Older adults
Low socioeconomic classes related to inability to obtain immunizations
Non-immunized adults
Adults w/ chronic illness
Adults on drug therapy such as corticosteroids or chemotherapeutic agents
Clients w/ substance abuse disorders
