Chemistry Complete Solutions

Chemistry Complete Solutions 1. Mass: - What term describes the quantity of matter in an object? - Answer: Mass 2. Density: - How is the amount of mass in a given volume defined, calculated as mass divided by volume? - Answer: Density 3. Atom: - What is the smallest particle of an element? - Answer: Atom 4. Element: - What do we call a pure substance consisting of only one kind of atom? - Answer: Element 5. Matter: - What is anything that has mass and occupies space? - Answer: Matter 6. Periodic Table: - What chart displays the elements and the repeating patterns of their properties? - Answer: Periodic table 7. Volume: - What term refers to the amount of space an object occupies? - Answer: Volume 8. Alkali Metals: - What are the highly reactive metallic elements found in group 1 of the periodic table? - Answer: Alkali metals 9. Alkaline Earth Metals: - Which elements are in group 2 of the periodic table, harder than alkali metals and less reactive? - Answer: Alkaline Earth Metals 10. Transition Metals: - What are the generally nonreactive metallic elements in groups 3-12 of the periodic table? - Answer: Transition Metals 11. Halogens: - What are the highly reactive nonmetals in group 17 of the periodic table called? - Answer: Halogens 12. Noble Gases: - Which non-reactive nonmetals are located in group 18 of the periodic table? - Answer: Noble gases Dmitri Mendeleev Created the first periodic table, arranged elements by increasing atomic mass J.J Thompson Discovered the electron James Chadwick Discovered neutrons Democritus Greek philosopher who developed an atomistic theory of matter (460-370 BC) John Dalton developed modern atomic theory Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus Neils Bohr Thought of solar system model: electrons orbit the nucleus. nucleus Center of the atom that contains the protons and neutrons Protons Positive subparticles found in the nucleus of the atom Neutrons subparticles with no charge found in the nucleus of the atom Electrons Negatively charged subparticles that orbit around the nucleus of the atom Electron Cloud a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found Chemical Properties characteristic that can only be observed by changing the substance Physical Properties The characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured WITHOUT changing the substance. Chemical Change a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter Physical Change a change of matter from one form to another without a change in che