BIOS 1300 Exam 3 (A+ Graded)
osteoprogenitor cells correct answers give rise to bone cells, found in perostium/endostium
osteoblasts correct answers synthesizes organic matter of bone which hardens for mineral
deposition
osteocytes correct answers homeostatic maintenance for bone density and blood concentration of
calcium/phosphate ions
sense stress of a bone
osteoclasts correct answers bone dissolving cells on bone surface responsible for bone resorption
where are osteocytes found? correct answers trapped in matrix reside in lacunae connected by
canalicunae
what is considered apart of the organic matrix? correct answers osteoblasts, collagen, GAG's and
glycoproteins
What is considered inorganic material of the matrix? correct answers hydroxyapatite, calcium,
phosphate, salt
what does inorganic material provide? correct answers strength
what does organic material provide? correct answers flexibility
without enough organic material it causes? correct answers brittle bones, osteogenesis imperfecta
without inorganic material it causes? correct answers rickets/osteoporosis
basic nutrients required for bone matrix correct answers vitamin D, Vitamin c, calcium,
phosphate, protein
proteolytic enzymes role in bone resorption correct answers chemically digest collagen fibers /
proteoglycans
HCl role in bone resorption correct answers dissolves mineral parts to let free Ca++ and
phosphate into blood
Bone marrow correct answers soft tissue in marrow cavity in a long bone and trabeculae of
spongy bone
Red marrow correct answers produces blood cells primarily in skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum,
and pelvis
Yellow marrow correct answers fat
,autologous bone marrow transplant correct answers patients own stem cells are collected and
transplanted back into the patient
allogenic bone marrow correct answers a donor match is found or umbilical cord is used to be
transplanted into the patient
Intramembranous ossification correct answers begins in CT source of perostial bone collar,
future dermis produces flat bone of the skull
endochondrial ossification correct answers hyaline cartilage is replaced with bone tissue
when bones grow in length correct answers interstitial growth
bone growth in width correct answers oppositional growth
5 microzones in epiphyseal plate correct answers reserve cartilage, cell proliferation,
hypertrophy, calcification, deposition
wolffs law correct answers shape of bone is determined by the stress placed upon it and adapts to
withstand the stresses
which hormone is faster estrogen / testosterone? correct answers estrogen
what percent of skeletal tissue is replaced per year correct answers 10%
which hormone is important to many children in calcium regulation? correct answers calcitonin
is bone production turned off after bone is made? correct answers no, metabolically active organ
deposition correct answers also known as mineralization = a crystallization of mainly
hydroxyapatite by releasing Ca/P into the blood stream and deposited into the bone tissue
When does bone deposition begin? correct answers fetal ossification
etopic ossification correct answers when bone forms in brain, eyes, muscle, tissue = abnormal
mineral resorption correct answers process of dissolving bone, job done by osteoclasts, releases
minerals into blood and makes them available for other uses
which bone cell has surface receptors to respond to falling levels of calcium in the tissue fluid?
correct answers osteoclasts
what does the body need to maintain for bone? correct answers calcium/phosphate levels
normal pH of calcium correct answers 9.2-10.4
, is it serious if calcium levels change slightly? correct answers yes, causes hyper/hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia correct answers excessive amount of Ca+ in body, RARE, increases charge
difference in sodium levels and makes sodium less responsive causing channels to inhibit
opening.
Hypocalcemia correct answers not enough Ca+ in the body, serious effects causes excessive
excitability of the nervous system
what effects does Hypercalcemia have on the body? correct answers emotional disturbances,
muscle weakness, slow reflexes, cardiac arrest
what effects does hypocalcemia have on the body? correct answers tetany, spasms, treaussau's
sign
what is calcium responsible for in body? correct answers pacemaker, communication among
neurons, muscle contraction, blood clotting, exocytosis
what 3 hormones make up calcium homeostasis? correct answers calcitriol, PTH, calcitonin
calcitriol process correct answers form of Vitamin D3, process starts at ultraviolet rays from sun
into epidermis, converting cholesterol to pre-vitamin D3 goes in blood stream through liver,
added hydroxy group in liver, becomes calcidiol goes though kidneys another hydroxy group
added becomes calcitriol
what is the most active form of vitamin D3 correct answers calcitriol
why is calcitriol considered a vitamin?` correct answers because it is added to the diet (mainly in
fortified milk)
function of cacitriol correct answers raise blood calcium concentration in 3 ways
1. stimulate absorption of calcium from small intestine to build bone
2. stimulate osteoclasts to liberate Ca++ into blood
3. reabsorb calcium in kidney to decrease amount of Ca++ lost in the urine
Calcitonin correct answers secreted by C-cells of the thyroid gland, secreted when Ca+ levels are
too high
what is a reason why Ca+ levels would be high and why calcitonin would be released? correct
answers excessive exercise/stress
which hormone for maintenance of calcium levels is most important in children? correct answers
calcitonin
what is the function of calcitonin correct answers lower Ca++ concentration
osteoprogenitor cells correct answers give rise to bone cells, found in perostium/endostium
osteoblasts correct answers synthesizes organic matter of bone which hardens for mineral
deposition
osteocytes correct answers homeostatic maintenance for bone density and blood concentration of
calcium/phosphate ions
sense stress of a bone
osteoclasts correct answers bone dissolving cells on bone surface responsible for bone resorption
where are osteocytes found? correct answers trapped in matrix reside in lacunae connected by
canalicunae
what is considered apart of the organic matrix? correct answers osteoblasts, collagen, GAG's and
glycoproteins
What is considered inorganic material of the matrix? correct answers hydroxyapatite, calcium,
phosphate, salt
what does inorganic material provide? correct answers strength
what does organic material provide? correct answers flexibility
without enough organic material it causes? correct answers brittle bones, osteogenesis imperfecta
without inorganic material it causes? correct answers rickets/osteoporosis
basic nutrients required for bone matrix correct answers vitamin D, Vitamin c, calcium,
phosphate, protein
proteolytic enzymes role in bone resorption correct answers chemically digest collagen fibers /
proteoglycans
HCl role in bone resorption correct answers dissolves mineral parts to let free Ca++ and
phosphate into blood
Bone marrow correct answers soft tissue in marrow cavity in a long bone and trabeculae of
spongy bone
Red marrow correct answers produces blood cells primarily in skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum,
and pelvis
Yellow marrow correct answers fat
,autologous bone marrow transplant correct answers patients own stem cells are collected and
transplanted back into the patient
allogenic bone marrow correct answers a donor match is found or umbilical cord is used to be
transplanted into the patient
Intramembranous ossification correct answers begins in CT source of perostial bone collar,
future dermis produces flat bone of the skull
endochondrial ossification correct answers hyaline cartilage is replaced with bone tissue
when bones grow in length correct answers interstitial growth
bone growth in width correct answers oppositional growth
5 microzones in epiphyseal plate correct answers reserve cartilage, cell proliferation,
hypertrophy, calcification, deposition
wolffs law correct answers shape of bone is determined by the stress placed upon it and adapts to
withstand the stresses
which hormone is faster estrogen / testosterone? correct answers estrogen
what percent of skeletal tissue is replaced per year correct answers 10%
which hormone is important to many children in calcium regulation? correct answers calcitonin
is bone production turned off after bone is made? correct answers no, metabolically active organ
deposition correct answers also known as mineralization = a crystallization of mainly
hydroxyapatite by releasing Ca/P into the blood stream and deposited into the bone tissue
When does bone deposition begin? correct answers fetal ossification
etopic ossification correct answers when bone forms in brain, eyes, muscle, tissue = abnormal
mineral resorption correct answers process of dissolving bone, job done by osteoclasts, releases
minerals into blood and makes them available for other uses
which bone cell has surface receptors to respond to falling levels of calcium in the tissue fluid?
correct answers osteoclasts
what does the body need to maintain for bone? correct answers calcium/phosphate levels
normal pH of calcium correct answers 9.2-10.4
, is it serious if calcium levels change slightly? correct answers yes, causes hyper/hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia correct answers excessive amount of Ca+ in body, RARE, increases charge
difference in sodium levels and makes sodium less responsive causing channels to inhibit
opening.
Hypocalcemia correct answers not enough Ca+ in the body, serious effects causes excessive
excitability of the nervous system
what effects does Hypercalcemia have on the body? correct answers emotional disturbances,
muscle weakness, slow reflexes, cardiac arrest
what effects does hypocalcemia have on the body? correct answers tetany, spasms, treaussau's
sign
what is calcium responsible for in body? correct answers pacemaker, communication among
neurons, muscle contraction, blood clotting, exocytosis
what 3 hormones make up calcium homeostasis? correct answers calcitriol, PTH, calcitonin
calcitriol process correct answers form of Vitamin D3, process starts at ultraviolet rays from sun
into epidermis, converting cholesterol to pre-vitamin D3 goes in blood stream through liver,
added hydroxy group in liver, becomes calcidiol goes though kidneys another hydroxy group
added becomes calcitriol
what is the most active form of vitamin D3 correct answers calcitriol
why is calcitriol considered a vitamin?` correct answers because it is added to the diet (mainly in
fortified milk)
function of cacitriol correct answers raise blood calcium concentration in 3 ways
1. stimulate absorption of calcium from small intestine to build bone
2. stimulate osteoclasts to liberate Ca++ into blood
3. reabsorb calcium in kidney to decrease amount of Ca++ lost in the urine
Calcitonin correct answers secreted by C-cells of the thyroid gland, secreted when Ca+ levels are
too high
what is a reason why Ca+ levels would be high and why calcitonin would be released? correct
answers excessive exercise/stress
which hormone for maintenance of calcium levels is most important in children? correct answers
calcitonin
what is the function of calcitonin correct answers lower Ca++ concentration
