HC 1
The challenge key points
- Overweight rate among Dutch adults: 51%
- PA engagement: 60% do not get enough exercise
- Youth loneliness rate: 40%
Health communication = involves the exchange of health-related information
with various populations to change or sustain health behavior, aiming to improve
public health outcomes (Schiavo, 2013)
Focus areas = treatment, prevention
Definition over time = Voluntary participation and compliance proactive
engagement, attention and information seeking and health motivation/ personal
responsibility
Health consciousness = refers to the degree of awareness and proactive
behavior individuals have towards their health psychological (awareness) &
behavioral (proactive behavior) aspects
Preventing boomerang effects = Reactance occurs when individuals feel their
freedom is threatened and respond by engaging in the constrained behavior
use careful wording, emphasize personal choice and control, provide balanced
information (benefits and risks)
Strategies for Effective Communication = Tailoring messages to the audience’s
level of understanding and cultural background.
Barriers to Effective Communication = Misinformation and disinformation
can undermine public trust, health literacy levels vary
Barriers to physical activity environmental factors, social influences,
psychological barriers
Strategies to promote physical activity tailored interventions, community-
based programs to foster a supportive environment, use digitals tools for efficacy
and to provide motivation
HC 2
Mass-mediated health campaigns high reach, low impact (5% behavior
change)
In contrast to health counseling low reach, high effect
Online health interventions accessible 24/7, anonymously, allow users to
engage at their own pace, hard-to-reach populations and adjustable to user
needs
But: Low adherence and high dropout rates tailored feedback,
interactivity, offline components can enhance effectiveness
Effectiveness equation: public health impact = effect * reach
, - Mass media communication is described as having low effect but high
reach.
- Health counseling is described as having high effect but low reach.
- Online health communication has the potential for both high effect
and high reach, though real-world implementation may vary
Health behavior models
1. Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)
- Behavioral Beliefs: Beliefs about the likely outcomes of behavior.
- Evaluation of Behavioral Outcomes: Personal evaluations of these
outcomes.
- Normative Beliefs: Beliefs about the normative expectations of others.
- Motivation to Comply: Willingness to comply with these expectations.
- Subjective Norm: Perceived social pressure to perform or not perform the
behavior.
- Attitude toward Behavior: Personal evaluation of the behavior.
- Behavioral Intention: Intent to perform the behavior.
- Behavior: Actual behavior performed.
2. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
additions
= adding perceived behavioral control,
reflecting the ease or difficulty of
performing the behavior, which can
directly influence both intention and
behavior.
- Control Beliefs: Beliefs about factors
that may facilitate or impede
performance of the behavior.
- Perceived Power: Perceived presence of factors that may facilitate or
impede the behavior.
- Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC): Overall perception of control over
the behavior.
3. Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM)
= This model explains how fear appeals work in health communication. It
suggests that fear appeals are effective when they include both a high
threat and a high efficacy message. People will take action to control
the danger if they believe they are both susceptible to and capable of
averting the threat.
- Threat Components: Perceived severity and perceived
susceptibility.
- Efficacy Components: Response efficacy (belief that the recommended
action will avert the threat) and self-efficacy (belief in one's ability to
perform the action)
4. Reasoned Action Approach (RAA)
The challenge key points
- Overweight rate among Dutch adults: 51%
- PA engagement: 60% do not get enough exercise
- Youth loneliness rate: 40%
Health communication = involves the exchange of health-related information
with various populations to change or sustain health behavior, aiming to improve
public health outcomes (Schiavo, 2013)
Focus areas = treatment, prevention
Definition over time = Voluntary participation and compliance proactive
engagement, attention and information seeking and health motivation/ personal
responsibility
Health consciousness = refers to the degree of awareness and proactive
behavior individuals have towards their health psychological (awareness) &
behavioral (proactive behavior) aspects
Preventing boomerang effects = Reactance occurs when individuals feel their
freedom is threatened and respond by engaging in the constrained behavior
use careful wording, emphasize personal choice and control, provide balanced
information (benefits and risks)
Strategies for Effective Communication = Tailoring messages to the audience’s
level of understanding and cultural background.
Barriers to Effective Communication = Misinformation and disinformation
can undermine public trust, health literacy levels vary
Barriers to physical activity environmental factors, social influences,
psychological barriers
Strategies to promote physical activity tailored interventions, community-
based programs to foster a supportive environment, use digitals tools for efficacy
and to provide motivation
HC 2
Mass-mediated health campaigns high reach, low impact (5% behavior
change)
In contrast to health counseling low reach, high effect
Online health interventions accessible 24/7, anonymously, allow users to
engage at their own pace, hard-to-reach populations and adjustable to user
needs
But: Low adherence and high dropout rates tailored feedback,
interactivity, offline components can enhance effectiveness
Effectiveness equation: public health impact = effect * reach
, - Mass media communication is described as having low effect but high
reach.
- Health counseling is described as having high effect but low reach.
- Online health communication has the potential for both high effect
and high reach, though real-world implementation may vary
Health behavior models
1. Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)
- Behavioral Beliefs: Beliefs about the likely outcomes of behavior.
- Evaluation of Behavioral Outcomes: Personal evaluations of these
outcomes.
- Normative Beliefs: Beliefs about the normative expectations of others.
- Motivation to Comply: Willingness to comply with these expectations.
- Subjective Norm: Perceived social pressure to perform or not perform the
behavior.
- Attitude toward Behavior: Personal evaluation of the behavior.
- Behavioral Intention: Intent to perform the behavior.
- Behavior: Actual behavior performed.
2. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
additions
= adding perceived behavioral control,
reflecting the ease or difficulty of
performing the behavior, which can
directly influence both intention and
behavior.
- Control Beliefs: Beliefs about factors
that may facilitate or impede
performance of the behavior.
- Perceived Power: Perceived presence of factors that may facilitate or
impede the behavior.
- Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC): Overall perception of control over
the behavior.
3. Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM)
= This model explains how fear appeals work in health communication. It
suggests that fear appeals are effective when they include both a high
threat and a high efficacy message. People will take action to control
the danger if they believe they are both susceptible to and capable of
averting the threat.
- Threat Components: Perceived severity and perceived
susceptibility.
- Efficacy Components: Response efficacy (belief that the recommended
action will avert the threat) and self-efficacy (belief in one's ability to
perform the action)
4. Reasoned Action Approach (RAA)
