A Level Chemistry- PAG 5.2, Preparation of Cyclohexene Questions and Answers | Latest Version | Graded A+

A Level Chemistry- PAG 5.2, Preparation of Cyclohexene Questions and Answers | Latest Version | Graded A+ What is the purpose of conducting this experiment? To synthesize cyclohexene from cyclohexanol through an elimination (dehydration) reaction. What equipment is necessary for the preparation phase? Equipment needed includes anti-bumping granules, measuring cylinders (10 cm3), a dropping pipette, a small funnel, and Quickfit apparatus: pear-shaped or round-bottom flask (50 cm3), still head, thermometer (-10 - 110 °C) with Quickfit adaptor, Liebig condenser and tubing, receiver, and either a water bath, electric heater, or sand bath. What equipment is required for the purification stage? The purification stage requires a balance accurate to two decimal places, a wash bottle with distilled/deionised water, a separating funnel with stopper (50 cm3) or Quickfit separating funnel, retort stand, boss and iron ring for supporting the separating funnel (or clamp for Quickfit funnel), a small funnel, a conical flask (100 cm3), and a glass marker pen. What equipment is needed for the organic functional group identification test? You will need a test-tube rack, test-tube, stopper, and a dropping pipette. What are the steps involved in the preparation phase? 1. Add 10 cm3 of cyclohexanol to a small round-bottom or pear-shaped flask. 2. Slowly add 4 cm3 of concentrated phosphoric(V) acid and mix thoroughly. 3. Add a few anti-bumping granules to the mixture, then set up the reflux apparatus using an electric heater or sand bath. 4. Heat the mixture under reflux at about 70 °C for 15 minutes, ensuring all condensation occurs in the lower half of the condenser. 5. Stop heating and allow the glassware to cool for a few minutes. 6. Rearrange the apparatus for distillation. 7. Slowly distil and collect the distillate between 70 °C and 90 °C. What are the stages of the purification process? 1. Add an equal volume of saturated sodium chloride solution to the distillate in a separating funnel, shake gently, and release any pressure build-up. 2. Allow the layers to separate and discard the lower aqueous layer. 3. Wash the organic layer with an equal volume of water and discard the lower aqueous layer. 4. Transfer the organic layer into a small conical flask. 5. Add a few lumps of anhydrous calcium chloride and swirl the mixture. Add more if needed until the liquid becomes clear. 6. Decant the clear liquid into a weighed container. 7. Reweigh the container to determine the mass of cyclohexene obtained. What are the steps involved in identifying