Texas Teacher Certification - TExES ESL Supplemental Exam Questions With Verified Answers.

Texas Teacher Certification - TExES ESL Supplemental Exam Questions With Verified Answers. Semantics - answerthe meaning of a word, phrase, sentence, or text pragmatics - answerthe use and function of language and the contexts in which it is used affect - answeran attitude or emotion that a speaker brings to an utterance phoneme - answerany of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another phonology - answerthe system of relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of a language phonemic awareness - answerthe ability to deal explicitly with segmental sound units smaller than a syllable. Example: The sound units in D O G. phonetics - answerStudy of sounds of the human speech. phonics - answerInvolves teaching children to connect sounds with letters or groups of letters. Example: (K) can be represented by C, K, or Ch spellings. morpheme - answera meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided morphology - answerthe study of the forms of words and how words are formed syntax - answerthe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language, and the set of rules to do so lexicon - answerthe vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge lexical ambiguity - answera situation in which a word has two or more meanings discourse - answera continuous stretch of speech or written text, going beyond a sentence to express thought Dialect - answerA variety of a language defined by both geographical factors and social factors, such as class, religion, and ethnicity. semantic drift - answerthe evolution of word usage—usually to the point that the modern meaning is radically different from the original usage transfer - answerrefers to speakers or writers applying knowledge from one language to another language connotation - answerFigurative meaning denotation - answerDirect, literal meaning dysnomia - answera general chronic difficulty in retrieving vocabulary items code-switching - answerthe practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation circumlocution - answera common communication strategy used in L2 acquisition: the learner knows the meaning but hasn't yet acquired the corresponding L2 word so they use more words than necessary to describe it Language register - answerthe level of formality with which you speak -- different situations and people call for different registers language interference - answerInformation that a student uses from his first language that does not exist in the second language biliteracy - answerthe ability to read and write proficiently in two languages automaticity - answerthe ability to do things without occupying the mind with the low-level details required, allowing it to become an automatic response pattern or habit. It is usually the result of learning, repetition, and practice. Cognates - answerWords which have a common origin. There are 3 distinct levels. They are: True Cognate- Partial Cognate- False Cognate True Cognate - answerThe word is spelled the same, meaning the same, but pronunciation will be different according to language structure of the words such as an accent mark. Example: English- rodeo Spanish- rodeo Partial Cognate - answerThe word in other languages has the same origin but the spelling will differ. The meaning will be the same but the pronunciation due to the language structure will be different. Example: english- fragrance spanish- frangancia english- apple german apfel False Cognate - answerThe word in another language may have the same origin but will have different spelling and different meaning. Pronunciation will be different. Example: English- ext- to go out, leave Spanish- exito- success English- embarrassed- uncomfortable Spanish embarazada- pregnant