GNRS 564 - Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Solved correctly

___________ and ____________ fats need to be restricted for toddlers. However, fat restriction in general is not appropriate for toddlers. - Trans-fats and saturated fats · Critical periods for different organ/systems (Central Nervous, Heart, etc.). You don't need to know the order but observe the systems and the stages (embryo and fetus) - -Majority of organ systems' critical periods occur in the embryo stage of development including: the CNS, Heart, Ears, Eyes, legs/arms, teeth, palate, & ext. genitalia - Only the ears, palate, & ext. genitalia critical periods continue into the fetus stage of development Adolescents tend to snack on _______________ calories, thus healthy nutrition should be modeled and encouraged. - empty At 1 year, introduce small amounts of __(see answer)__ to detect an allergy. - egg white Avoid adding _______ to liquids to prevent botulism. - honey and corn syrup Avoid using food as a reward or _________________. - punishment Breast-fed babies or formula-fed babies with intake <1000ml of Vit. D-fortified formula may need Vit. D supplementation to prevent __________ - rickets Carb recommendations in pregnancy _____ -_______ grams/day? and what is the more reasonable number? - 135-175 with 175 being more reasonable. Children should have balanced nutrition following MyPlate; healthy snacks should continue to be emphasized to prevent childhood _____________________. - obesityConstipation: which type of fiber (soluble or insoluble) is recommended? Food examples of this fiber: - insoluble Food examples of this fiber: wheat bran, whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Describe which patient is appropriate for each dysphagia diet, the differences between them, and foods served with each diet - Level 1- Dysphagia pureed (worst level of dysphagia). Sample: cream of wheat, slurried muffins or pancakes, pureed meat. Avoid dry breads and cereals, no cottage cheese, peanut butter. Level 2- Dysphagia mechanically altered Sample: Moist oatmeal, thickened liquids, soup, slurried bread or crackers Avoid: dry or coarse foods, breads and cereals Level 3- Dysphagia advanced. Sample: cereal with milk, moist pancakes or muffins, chicken noodle soup. Avoid: Dry coarse foods, tough crusty breads Dumping Syndrome vs. Gastroparesis - o Dumping Syndrome- stomach empties hyperosmolar contents rapidly into the duodenum; is due to pyloric sphincter malfunction Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, & tachycardia o Gastroparesis- "Stomach paralysis;" damage to the nerves that enervate the stomach causing it to empty slowly Early adverse event/influence can cause permanent damage (w/o recovery) or temporary damage (w/poss. of recovery)? - Early adverse event causes PERMANENT damage and a full recovery never occurs Fat: generally recommend omega-___ and omega_____ fatty acids - Omega 3 and Omega 6Food sources for the Important Micronutrients of Pregnancy and lactation: -folate -iron -vitamin D -B12 -Calcium - -Folate: supplement+ fortified grains, green leafy vegetables (foliage), meat/liver, fish, legumes, oranges, grapefruit -Iron: Meat/Liver, legumes, eggs, dark green vegetables, bread/cereal, dried fruits -Vitamin D: Vit. D fortified milk, cereals, fish oils, sunlight -B12: Meat/liver (NCLEX), fish, eggs, milk products -Calcium: Milk, soy milk, cheese, yogurt, tofu, collard greens, rhubarb, sardines Foods that place baby/toddler at risk for choking are: - nuts, foods with seeds, raisins, popcorn, grapes and hot dog pieces. gastritis vs. Peptic Ulcer disease - o Gastritis- inflammation of the stomach tissue o Peptic Ulcer Disease- open sore in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum How is GERD different than a hiatal hernia? - o GERD - reflux (backward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus) occurs due to weak or relaxed lower esophageal sphincter; can be associated with obesity, pregnancy, & hiatal hernia o Hiatal Hernia - occurs when the upper part of the stomach bulges through an opening in the diaphragm; can cause heartburn, chest pain, & abdominal painHow many calories, carbs, and protein in non-pregnant women, pregnant women, and lactating? - Non-prego- kcals, 130g carb, 46g protein Prego- +350 kcal 2nd and +450 in 3rd trimester; 175 g carbs, 71g protein Lactating- +330 1st 6 months, +400 2nd 6 months; 210g carbs, 71g protein