What was Germany like before the First World War? Germany in WW1 What was the Weimar Republic? What happened in 1923?
Germany became a united country in 1871. Before this Prussia was the -The Kaiser began a Naval Race with Britain in 1906 After the Kaiser left Germany the leader of REPARATIONS: Under the Treaty of Versailles
largest German state and Germany was ruled by the Kaiser. after passing the Navy Laws. These laws meant that the SPD, Friedrich Ebert, was elected as the Germany had to pay back £6.6 billion in yearly
German tax payers money was paying for the temporary leader of Germany. He declared instalments. Germany paid the first instalment bit
expansion of the navy. the country a DEMOCRATIC ONE and in after that could not afford to pay.
In 1888 Kaiser Wilhelm II took The SPD (Social Democratic Party) - Between 1914-1918 Germany was fighting WW1
control of Germany. He dreamt of became popular and socialism grew - By 1918 Germany was close to collapse and January 1919 was elected as the new German
making it as strong as Britain and in Germany. People wanted power people began to revolt. The Kaiser abdicated on President. This happened in the town of OCCUPATION OF THE RUHR: As a result of the
wanted a big Empire and Navy. and wealth shared equally. 9th November 1918 and left Germany. Weimar and the WEIMAR REPUBLIC was unpaid reparations in January 1923 60,000 French
- Germany was virtually bankrupt: factories were formed. and Belgian troops marched into the Ruhr- an
exhausted by the war, war pensions would be industrial area of Germany and took control of the
expensive and Germany owed America money. factories and mines. The German workers were
Industrialisation was important in Around 1/3 of Germans voted for ordered to go on strike. Germany began to run out
Germany and by 1913 it was this party and they were a threat to - The war had divided the social classes: Women
had worked in factories in the war which some The Elected every 7 years. of money.
producing more iron and steel the Kaiser and his way of ruling people did not like and factory owners had President Controlled army, navy and air
than Britain. Germany. become rich. force. Could use Article 48 in
- Politically Germany was unstable: Many ex- an emergency to pass laws. HYPERINFLATION: To pay the striking workers the
soldiers saw the government as ‘November government began to print money. It held no value
The success of German industry created a divide between people as factory criminals’ who had supported the end of the war though so shopkeepers increased prices, a loaf of
owners and land owners became rich and workers still had low wages and and therefore refused to support them. The Chosen by the President. bread was 201 billion marks. Workers lost all their
poor working conditions. Chancellor Responsible for day to day savings and the Weimar government lost support
running of the country. as people blamed them.
Why did people revolt?
The Discussed and introduced laws.
THE MUNICH PUTSCH: 8TH November 1923 Hitler
The Spartacist Uprising- On 6th January 1919 the Spartacists tried to take Why did Germans hate the Treaty of Versailles? Reichstag MPs were elected every 4
over Berlin. They were a left wing Communist group. They believed in tried to take over the state of Bavaria. He held the
years. Bavarian President (Von Kahr) hostage and had
everyone being equal and running the country using equality. Thousands In March 1919 Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles.
of them tried to take over Berlin with guns. Friedrich Ebert, the leader of him agree to support him in taking over Berlin.
- Germany had to pay £6.6 billion in reparations The All men and women over the General Ludendorff supported Hitler but Von Kahr
Germany sent the Freikorps-2000 ex- soldiers to attack them. After 3 days - Germany had to reduce its Army to 100,000 soldiers
of street fighting the leaders of the Uprising, Rosa Luxemburg & Karl German age of 20 could vote. They contacted the police and when Hitler began to
- Germany had to give away large areas of land march he was met by 2000 armed police. There
Liebknecht were murdered. It was hated for three mains reasons: People elected the President and MPs.
was a gun battle and Hitler was wounded- 16 Nazis
1.) Germany felt it was too harsh & were humiliated died and Hitler was put on trial and imprisoned for
The Kapp Putsch- In March 1920 Wolfgang Kapp tried to take over 2.) Germans felt the treaty had been forced on them 5 years. He only served 9 months and wrote MEIN
Germany. They were a right wing group and he gathered 5000 members of 3.) Germany felt they had not lost the war- politicians had betrayed The Weimar Republic used PROPORTIONAL KAMPF in this time.
the Freikorps to try and take over the capital city, Berlin. He wanted to take the country. REPRESENTATION which meant that lots of
over the country, to make the Army strong again and recover the land lost parties could win seats in the Reichstag. This
in the Treaty of Versailles. The government fled as Ebert couldn’t use the made it difficult to make decisions.
Freikorps this time as they were the rebels! However workers went on Who was Stresemann and how did he help?
strike instead of supporting the Putsch and after 100 hours Kapp fled and
Ebert and the government returned to Berlin. Paper Issue 1: Hyperinflation Issue 2: French troops in
1Germany 1890-1945 Stresemann stopped the
printing of old money and
the Ruhr
Stresemann arranged the
introduced the DAWES PLAN to borrow
The 1920s- was it a ‘Golden Age’? RENTENMARK. A stable money from America to
Who voted for the Nazis? How did Hitler become Chancellor? currency that ended pay reparations to France
The 1920s saw an increase in cinema, nightlife, art, Hyperinflation. People did and Belgium so they
literature and architecture in Germany. Some Germans not get their savings back would leave the Ruhr.
LEFT WING MID LEFT RIGHT WING President though.
loved this new modern era and saw it as a ‘Golden Age’
COMMUNIST SDP In the 1932 election Hindenburg saw the
and felt a new sense of freedom. However some
the Nazi party won Nazis as violent but
Germans wanted more traditional values and to celebrate Factors that led to the growth of the Nazi Party: 230 seats in the was under political
older art, music and theatre. When Hitler came to power 1.) The Great Depression of 1929 Issue 3: Germany had lost Issue 4: German
in 1933 many artists had to flee Germany Reichstag compared pressure and in
2.) Germans were unhappy with the Weimar Republic to 133 for the SPD. January 1933 Hitler its status infrastructure was poor
3.) The appeal of Adolf Hitler- Hitler had a charismatic personality and used this to instil in Chancellor Bruning was appointed as In 1926 Germany joined Stresemann used some
people that he could be trusted to make Germany a great nation. and Von Papen were Chancellor. Hitler the LEAGUE OF NATIONS money from the Dawes
How did the Depression effect Germany? 4.) Fear of the rise of other parties such as the Communists. not popular and was only allowed 2 and signed the LOCARNO Plan to build new
5.) Nazi party structure and tactics. Hitler demanded to Nazis in the Cabinet PACT & KELLOG-BRIAND factories, roads and
be given the job. but by 1934 pact to not go to war schools. Slowly Germany
Hindenburg died again. became wealthier.
America recalled the loans
The Wall Street Crash Farmers voted for the Nazis as the Nazis promised them higher prices for their crops
happened in 1929- from Germany and •
businesses went bankrupt. and a higher status in German society. They also feared Communists as they might take How did Hitler eliminate the opposition? What was the Night of the Long Knives?
American shares lost their land.
value and millions lost People lost their jobs and
began to live on the streets • Women voted for the Nazis as they promised to instil family values and good morals
their jobs. into people. Hitler became President in 1934 when Hindenburg died and began to turn Germany into a Dictatorship. He
• Middle class people voted for the Nazis as they promised to help small businesses. removed the Communists and opened the first Concentration Camp for political prisoners. Hitler banned all
People began to listen to • Young people voted for Hitler as he gave them hop and the prospect of jobs and a trade unions and all political parties except for the Nazis.
Unemployment rose to 6 future in Germany. On 30th June 1934 the Night of the Long Knives happened, Hitler killed the leader of the SA, Ernst Rohm, and
radical parties such as the
million by 1933 and Nazis for solutions as they Upper classes and factory owners voted for the Nazis as they promised to fight took control of the Army as he was worried they were too loyal to Rohm. Many people died who were part of
hunger changed the way •
blamed the Weimar Communists. the SA (brown shirts) and Hitler claimed he had to do it for national security. The SS began to grown in
normal Germans importance and the basis of the police state was formed.
Republic for their problems
behaved.
Germany became a united country in 1871. Before this Prussia was the -The Kaiser began a Naval Race with Britain in 1906 After the Kaiser left Germany the leader of REPARATIONS: Under the Treaty of Versailles
largest German state and Germany was ruled by the Kaiser. after passing the Navy Laws. These laws meant that the SPD, Friedrich Ebert, was elected as the Germany had to pay back £6.6 billion in yearly
German tax payers money was paying for the temporary leader of Germany. He declared instalments. Germany paid the first instalment bit
expansion of the navy. the country a DEMOCRATIC ONE and in after that could not afford to pay.
In 1888 Kaiser Wilhelm II took The SPD (Social Democratic Party) - Between 1914-1918 Germany was fighting WW1
control of Germany. He dreamt of became popular and socialism grew - By 1918 Germany was close to collapse and January 1919 was elected as the new German
making it as strong as Britain and in Germany. People wanted power people began to revolt. The Kaiser abdicated on President. This happened in the town of OCCUPATION OF THE RUHR: As a result of the
wanted a big Empire and Navy. and wealth shared equally. 9th November 1918 and left Germany. Weimar and the WEIMAR REPUBLIC was unpaid reparations in January 1923 60,000 French
- Germany was virtually bankrupt: factories were formed. and Belgian troops marched into the Ruhr- an
exhausted by the war, war pensions would be industrial area of Germany and took control of the
expensive and Germany owed America money. factories and mines. The German workers were
Industrialisation was important in Around 1/3 of Germans voted for ordered to go on strike. Germany began to run out
Germany and by 1913 it was this party and they were a threat to - The war had divided the social classes: Women
had worked in factories in the war which some The Elected every 7 years. of money.
producing more iron and steel the Kaiser and his way of ruling people did not like and factory owners had President Controlled army, navy and air
than Britain. Germany. become rich. force. Could use Article 48 in
- Politically Germany was unstable: Many ex- an emergency to pass laws. HYPERINFLATION: To pay the striking workers the
soldiers saw the government as ‘November government began to print money. It held no value
The success of German industry created a divide between people as factory criminals’ who had supported the end of the war though so shopkeepers increased prices, a loaf of
owners and land owners became rich and workers still had low wages and and therefore refused to support them. The Chosen by the President. bread was 201 billion marks. Workers lost all their
poor working conditions. Chancellor Responsible for day to day savings and the Weimar government lost support
running of the country. as people blamed them.
Why did people revolt?
The Discussed and introduced laws.
THE MUNICH PUTSCH: 8TH November 1923 Hitler
The Spartacist Uprising- On 6th January 1919 the Spartacists tried to take Why did Germans hate the Treaty of Versailles? Reichstag MPs were elected every 4
over Berlin. They were a left wing Communist group. They believed in tried to take over the state of Bavaria. He held the
years. Bavarian President (Von Kahr) hostage and had
everyone being equal and running the country using equality. Thousands In March 1919 Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles.
of them tried to take over Berlin with guns. Friedrich Ebert, the leader of him agree to support him in taking over Berlin.
- Germany had to pay £6.6 billion in reparations The All men and women over the General Ludendorff supported Hitler but Von Kahr
Germany sent the Freikorps-2000 ex- soldiers to attack them. After 3 days - Germany had to reduce its Army to 100,000 soldiers
of street fighting the leaders of the Uprising, Rosa Luxemburg & Karl German age of 20 could vote. They contacted the police and when Hitler began to
- Germany had to give away large areas of land march he was met by 2000 armed police. There
Liebknecht were murdered. It was hated for three mains reasons: People elected the President and MPs.
was a gun battle and Hitler was wounded- 16 Nazis
1.) Germany felt it was too harsh & were humiliated died and Hitler was put on trial and imprisoned for
The Kapp Putsch- In March 1920 Wolfgang Kapp tried to take over 2.) Germans felt the treaty had been forced on them 5 years. He only served 9 months and wrote MEIN
Germany. They were a right wing group and he gathered 5000 members of 3.) Germany felt they had not lost the war- politicians had betrayed The Weimar Republic used PROPORTIONAL KAMPF in this time.
the Freikorps to try and take over the capital city, Berlin. He wanted to take the country. REPRESENTATION which meant that lots of
over the country, to make the Army strong again and recover the land lost parties could win seats in the Reichstag. This
in the Treaty of Versailles. The government fled as Ebert couldn’t use the made it difficult to make decisions.
Freikorps this time as they were the rebels! However workers went on Who was Stresemann and how did he help?
strike instead of supporting the Putsch and after 100 hours Kapp fled and
Ebert and the government returned to Berlin. Paper Issue 1: Hyperinflation Issue 2: French troops in
1Germany 1890-1945 Stresemann stopped the
printing of old money and
the Ruhr
Stresemann arranged the
introduced the DAWES PLAN to borrow
The 1920s- was it a ‘Golden Age’? RENTENMARK. A stable money from America to
Who voted for the Nazis? How did Hitler become Chancellor? currency that ended pay reparations to France
The 1920s saw an increase in cinema, nightlife, art, Hyperinflation. People did and Belgium so they
literature and architecture in Germany. Some Germans not get their savings back would leave the Ruhr.
LEFT WING MID LEFT RIGHT WING President though.
loved this new modern era and saw it as a ‘Golden Age’
COMMUNIST SDP In the 1932 election Hindenburg saw the
and felt a new sense of freedom. However some
the Nazi party won Nazis as violent but
Germans wanted more traditional values and to celebrate Factors that led to the growth of the Nazi Party: 230 seats in the was under political
older art, music and theatre. When Hitler came to power 1.) The Great Depression of 1929 Issue 3: Germany had lost Issue 4: German
in 1933 many artists had to flee Germany Reichstag compared pressure and in
2.) Germans were unhappy with the Weimar Republic to 133 for the SPD. January 1933 Hitler its status infrastructure was poor
3.) The appeal of Adolf Hitler- Hitler had a charismatic personality and used this to instil in Chancellor Bruning was appointed as In 1926 Germany joined Stresemann used some
people that he could be trusted to make Germany a great nation. and Von Papen were Chancellor. Hitler the LEAGUE OF NATIONS money from the Dawes
How did the Depression effect Germany? 4.) Fear of the rise of other parties such as the Communists. not popular and was only allowed 2 and signed the LOCARNO Plan to build new
5.) Nazi party structure and tactics. Hitler demanded to Nazis in the Cabinet PACT & KELLOG-BRIAND factories, roads and
be given the job. but by 1934 pact to not go to war schools. Slowly Germany
Hindenburg died again. became wealthier.
America recalled the loans
The Wall Street Crash Farmers voted for the Nazis as the Nazis promised them higher prices for their crops
happened in 1929- from Germany and •
businesses went bankrupt. and a higher status in German society. They also feared Communists as they might take How did Hitler eliminate the opposition? What was the Night of the Long Knives?
American shares lost their land.
value and millions lost People lost their jobs and
began to live on the streets • Women voted for the Nazis as they promised to instil family values and good morals
their jobs. into people. Hitler became President in 1934 when Hindenburg died and began to turn Germany into a Dictatorship. He
• Middle class people voted for the Nazis as they promised to help small businesses. removed the Communists and opened the first Concentration Camp for political prisoners. Hitler banned all
People began to listen to • Young people voted for Hitler as he gave them hop and the prospect of jobs and a trade unions and all political parties except for the Nazis.
Unemployment rose to 6 future in Germany. On 30th June 1934 the Night of the Long Knives happened, Hitler killed the leader of the SA, Ernst Rohm, and
radical parties such as the
million by 1933 and Nazis for solutions as they Upper classes and factory owners voted for the Nazis as they promised to fight took control of the Army as he was worried they were too loyal to Rohm. Many people died who were part of
hunger changed the way •
blamed the Weimar Communists. the SA (brown shirts) and Hitler claimed he had to do it for national security. The SS began to grown in
normal Germans importance and the basis of the police state was formed.
Republic for their problems
behaved.
