BIOL 1902 Final Exam Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Graded A 2024

Mobility - The ability to move freely through high snow Moose (Physical Adaption) - Legs up to 2 meters high to walk through snow Snowshoe Hares (Physical Adaption) - Large hind feet that allow the animal to walk above the snow Fisher (Physical Adaption) - Northern Weasel with large hind feet Northern Grouse (Physical Adaption) - Has feathers on its feet increasing surface area and acting as snowshoes Ruffed Grouse (Physical Adaption) - Grows snowshoes every autumn Subnivean Space - The area below the snow where animals can travel White-Tailed Deer (Behavioural Adaption) - Move to a sheltered area called a yard with less snow Yard - Low lying area with minimal snow where white-tailed deer gather during winter Browse Line - The highest point in a tree where a Deer can reach and feed Otter and Mink (Behavioural Adaption) - Have very short legs so they toboggan on their stomachs to travel across snow Monarch Butterflies (Migration) - Migrate to Mexico before winter and don't return Green Darner (Migration) - A dragonfly that migrates to the Cape Cod area over winter Arctic Tern (Migration) - Champion migratory bird, travelling over 20,000 km round trip in a year Semipalmanated Sandpipers - Double their body weights in just 10 days of feeding before migration Songbirds (Migration) - Birds that migrate primarily at night Advantages of Travelling at Night - No overheating because of cooler temps, typically less wind at night, safer from predator species because of low light Eagles and Hawks (Migration) - Use a "Thermal Hop" when migrating. Soar up using updrafts and glide back down Bounding Flight - Using thermal hopping or going up and down during migration Hummingbirds and Blackbirds - Example of birds who travel during the daytime How Birds Navigate during Migration - Visual Cues (ocean, sun, mountains); Nocturnal Cues (constellations, moon, sky) Earth Magnetic Field - Unknown mechanism that birds possess allowing them to navigate thousands of miles without getting lost Rhodopsin - A photopigment in the retina likely involved in electromagnetic interaction Sandpipers (Migration) - Example of a bird who migrates both day and night Red Knot (Migration) - Geotracker found they flew 5,100 km in 8 straight days of flying Banding - The attachment of a band on the leg of bird allowing us to track their migration patterns Geese (Migration) - Fly in a "V" shape to conserve energy. Birds flying behind one another use less energy to lift their wing Winter Adaption in Plant Example - Going dormant in the ground