BIO 169 Test 6-- Reproductive Systems, Pregnancy Development, Inheritance and Genetics Exam Guide 2024

male and female reproductive systems work together to - procreate production of offspring ensures - survival of species reproductive system of both sexes includes - gonads and accessory organs organs responsible for production of gametes and hormones and accessory organs - gonads male gonads are - testes female gonads are - ovaries ductus deferens, seminal glands/vesicles, prostate gland, urethra, epididymides, external genitalia (penis and scrotum) are all - male accessory organs uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia (clitoris & labia) and mammary glands are all - female accessory organ The testes produce male gametes called - sperm testes also produce male sex hormones called - androgens external pouch that houses testes and epididymides; divided internally into two compartments by septum - scrotum scrotum is divided into two compartments by - septum releases viscous, alkaline fluid into ejaculatory duct to mix with sperm - seminal gland/ vesicles seminal gland/ vesicles ___% of volume of semen - 70 formed by merger of vas deferens and ducts of seminal vesicles in posterior area of prostate - ejaculatory duct site of mixing sperm and contribution of seminal vesicles - ejaculatory duct urethra has two functions: - passageway for urine and semen secretes additional fluid into prostatic urthera - prostate gland prostate gland ___ of semen - 1/3 small; located lateral to membranous urethra and secretes thick, clear fluid that precedes ejaculation; flushes spongy urethra and lubricates head of penis - bulbourethral glands 3 types of urethra: - -spongy/penile - prostatic -membranous delivers sperm to female reproductive tract - penis during early fetal development - testes form in areas near kidneys spermatic cord composed of CT, muscle, and - ductus deferens and vessels, and nerves passes thru inguinal canal - spermatic cord as the fetus grows the CT band does not lengthen, what does it do to testes? - pull the forward towards scrotum late in fetal development, hormones cause CT bands to do what through the inguinal canal into scrotum - shorten and pull testes testes and epididymides are separated by - septum testes and epididymides are separated by septum and surrounded by - paired folds of peritoneum spermatogenesis occurs at - ~34 degree celcius failure of the testes to descend into scrotum - cryptorchidism cryptorchidism leads to - infertility failure of the testes to descend does not affect what hormone? - testosterone for properly descended testes, two sets of muscles relax and contract in order to - maintain appropriate scrotal temperature covers testes and spermatic cord within scrotum - cremaster muscle within wall of scrotum - dartos muscle testes are covered by fibrous CT capsule called the - tunica albuginea internal extensions of CT capsule ____ divide testis - septa the septa divides the testes into ____ lobules - ~250 each lobule of testis contains ____ seminiferous tubules - 1-4 site of spermatogenesis - seminiferous tubules seminiferous tubules converge to form maze-like - rete testis rete testis connected to ____ by multiple efferent ductules - epididymis immature sperm produced in seminiferous tubules move into head of ________ - epididymis as sperm mature they pass through the body and then into the tail for storage until - ejaculation maturation of sperm take ____ days - 20 transports sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct via peristalsis - ductus deferens or vas deferns