ATE 1211 Midterm Review (Study Guide) Questions with Verified Solutions

ATE 1211 Midterm Review (Study Guide) Questions with Verified Solutions **Where is interstitial fluid found in the body?** It is found in body cavities. **What distinguishes mitosis from meiosis?** Mitosis results in 2 daughter cells, while meiosis results in 4 daughter cells. **What is the function of a lysosome?** Lysosomes function in the digestion of ingested material within cells. **Which body compartment contains the highest amount of water?** The intracellular compartment contains the highest amount of water. **Give examples of carbohydrates found in cells.** Examples include glucose, fructose, lactose, and sucrose. **How do passive and active channels in the plasma membrane differ regarding ions?** Passive channels are open, while active channels are gated. **What distinguishes excretion from secretion?** Excretion involves the elimination of waste substances by cells, whereas secretion is the release of useful substances by cells. **What is the primary function of mitochondria?** Mitochondria primarily aid in energy production. **What are the differences between anabolism and catabolism?** Anabolism is a building- up process, whereas catabolism involves breaking down substances. **Which ions are predominantly found outside of cells?** Sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions are found in the greatest amounts outside cells. **Define conjugative protein.** Conjugative proteins are simple proteins combined with a non-protein component. **What type of RNA carries coded information from the nucleus to the ribosome?** Messenger RNA (mRNA) performs this function. **Name three compartments of body fluid (water).** These include intracellular, intravascular, and interstitial compartments. **What is the basic structural unit of a protein?** Amino acids are the basic structural units of proteins. **Define isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions based on osmolality.** Isotonic solutions have the same osmolality, hypotonic solutions have lower osmolality, and hypertonic solutions have higher osmolality. **Which cells possess voltage-regulated channels in their plasma membrane?** Nerve cells (neurons) have voltage-regulated channels. **What inorganic substance is found in hemoglobin?** Iron (Fe) is found in hemoglobin. **What is the function of ribosomes?** Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis. **Define irritability in cellular terms.** Irritability is the property of the cytoplasm that allows a cell to respond to stimuli.