Pathophysiology Exam 1 UTMB Questions With Verified Answers

Pathophysiology Exam 1 UTMB Questions With Verified Answers Migraine without Aura 85% of migraines, pulsatile, throbbing, unilateral, can last 4-72 hours, aggravated by physical activity, can be accompanied by N/V, sensitivity to light, sounds, smells, and visual disturbances Migraine with Aura 15% of migraines, pulsatile, throbbing, unilateral, aggravated by physical activity, can be accompanied by N/V, sensitivity to light, sounds, smells, and visual disturbance, develops over 5-20 mins and can last an hour, usually genetic Static Migranosis Migraine lasting longer than 72 hours, need to be admitted for IV pain relief Cluster Headache Severe, unilateral, 15 min-3 hour headache. Can have for weeks or months at a time, sxs disappear then come back. Hereditary. Tension Headache Hat-band type pain, usually not debilitating, dull, aching headache Chronic Daily Headache 15 or more headaches per month, could be due to medication overuse, caffeine, etc. Non-Pharmalogical measures for migraine treatment -Control risk factors and triggers-stress, sleep deprivation, alcohol, foods (eg. chocolate, msg, aged cheese), visual stimuli, estrogen. -Behavior interventions-stress management, biofeedback, relaxation therapy, cognitive therapy -Avoid aggravating factors (specific to person) First line severe headache treatment Anti-seizure meds, non-narcotics, narcotics, NSAIDS, triptans, ergotamine, midrin Acute non-responder care for headaches (20-25% don't respond to first line treatment) Reglan, prophylaxis, beta blockers for prevention Seizure vs Epilepsy Epilepsy: chronic state of recurrent seizures Seizure: temporary disturbance in brain activity causing nerves to fire excessively Provoked seizures Fever (common in children), electrolyte imbalances, hypoglycemia, CNS infection or damage, meningitis, hypoxia, eclampsia, tumors Partial (focal) seizures w/o impairment of consciousness somatosensory disturbances, involuntary motor movement, autonomic nervous system may be affected (sweating, tachycardia, hyper/hypotension, pupil changes) Partial (focal) seizures with impairment of consciousness Occur in temporal lobe, can start here and then move to other areas. Psychomotor symptoms-lip smacking, petting clothes, eating. Can have feelings of deja vu, fear, hallucinations, commonly confused with psych disorders. Confusion postictally is common. Generalized seizures seizures that involve the entire brain, can all be followed by Todd's paralysis for 24 hours (temporary paresis, hemianopia, aphasia-speech/understanding). Include tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, tonic, clonic, and atonic seizures tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal) generalized seizure in which the patient loses consciousness and has jerking movements of paired muscle groups, loss of bladder and bowel control