Human Physiology with complete Question and Answers 2024 final exam

Human Physiology with complete Question and Answers 2024 final exam Which blood vessel layer secretes paracrine factors, which participate in the regulation of blood pressure and blood vessel growth? Endothelium White blood cells are generally too large to pass through capillaries. What route must they follow to move from the arterial to the venous circulation? Metarterioles Brainpower Read More What type of tissue, present in the walls of blood vessels, allows for regulation of vessel diameter? Smooth Muscle Perfusion is blood flow through an organ The only blood vessels whose walls permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluids are the venules and capillaries We have an expert-written solution to this problem! Angiogenesis is the growth of new blood vessels Cerebral capillaries are surrounded by ________ and glial cells and have tight junctions that create the ________. pericytes, BBB Venules are similar to capillaries: they have ________ epithelium and only small amounts of ________. a thin exchange, connective tissue What maintains the driving pressure on blood while the heart is not contracting (ventricular diastole)? Recoil of the elastic arteries Which is the correct relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance? Pressure ~ Flow x Resistance Mean arterial pressure is equal to diastolic pressure plus one-third of the pulse pressure. An equivalent equation is MAP = 2/3 DBP + 1/3 SBP. Why is diastolic blood pressure a larger component of MAP than systolic blood pressure? The heart spends more time in diastole than systole; therefore, the equation reflects the difference in time. Using a sphygmomanometer, a nurse measures a patient's blood pressure as 134/86. What is the patient's pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure? PP = 48 mmHG MAP = 102 mmHG What compensatory mechanisms are available to help maintain blood pressure when a large volume of blood is lost, such as during a hemorrhage? Vasoconstriction, increased thirst, and decreased renal fluid output in the urine What effect would an increase in blood volume have on the resistance to blood flow? Nothing, they are not directly linked We have an expert-written solution to this problem! What effect would an increase in venous tone have on mean arterial pressure? It would increase it by shifting blood from the veins to the arteries Blood pressure can be measured with a sphygmomanometer. When the display indicates diastolic pressure, what is heard through the stethoscope. Why? Nothing is heard because blood flow is smooth through the fully open artery. What is the role of the kidney in blood pressure regulation? The kidney can eliminate water to decrease blood volume or it can conserve water to maintain blood volume. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is important because It represents the driving pressure for blood flow Which of the following is occurring during systole? BP increases and more stress is placed on arterial walls The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the Pulse pressure All of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure decrease in arterial diameter, increase in arterial resistance, sympathetic stimulation What is the mechanism behind myogenic autoregulation in vascular smooth muscle? When cells stretch, mechanically gated cation channels open, depolarizing the cell, resulting in contraction Which paracrine acts as a vasoconstrictor? Serotonin (Kinins, Adenosine & Histamine are vasodilators) What causes active hyperemia? Increased metabolism results in a local increase in CO2 Which type of vessel changes most to regulate resistance to blood flow. Why