Biology Chapter 8 - CC – Exam Questions Correctly Answered.

Biology Chapter 8 - CC – Exam Questions Correctly Answered. Which of the following correctly states the relationship between anabolic and catabolic pathways? (see book section: Concept 8.1: An organism's metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics) A) Catabolic pathways produce usable cellular energy by synthesizing more complex organic molecules. B) The flow of energy between catabolic and anabolic pathways is reversible. C) Energy derived from catabolic pathways is used to drive the breakdown of organic molecules in anabolic pathways. D) Anabolic pathways synthesize more complex organic molecules using the energy derived from catabolic pathways. E) Degradation of organic molecules by anabolic pathways provides the energy to drive catabolic pathways. - CORRECT ANSWER D) Anabolic pathways synthesize more complex organic molecules using the energy derived from catabolic pathways. Correct. The synthesis of complex molecules in anabolic pathways requires an input of energy from catabolic pathways. Which of the following situations does not represent an energy transformation? (see book section: Concept 8.1: An organism's metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics) A) the production of sugars from carbon dioxide and water during photosynthesis B) the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to the production of a proton gradient across a membrane by a proton pump C) the release of carbon dioxide as glucose is broken down during cellular respiration D) the production of ATP using phosphate from the breakdown of glucose E) All of the listed responses represent energy transformations. - CORRECT ANSWER B) the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to the production of a proton gradient across a membrane by a proton pump Correct. The energy stored in ATP is used to create an electrochemical gradient of protons that contains energy. Organisms are described as thermodynamically open systems. Which of the following statements is consistent with this description? (see book section: Concept 8.1: An organism's metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics) A) Because energy must be conserved, organisms constantly recycle energy and thus need no input of energy. B) Heat produced by the organism is conserved in the organism and not lost to the environment. C) The metabolism of an organism is isolated from its surroundings. D) Organisms acquire energy from, and lose energy to, their surroundings. E) All of the listed responses are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER D) Organisms acquire energy from, and lose energy to, their surroundings. Correct. Open systems are those in which energy and materials can be exchanged between the system and its surroundings. Consider the growth of a farmer's crop over a season. Which of the following correctly states a limitation imposed by the first or second law of thermodynamics? (see book section: Concept 8.1: An organism's metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics) A) To obey the first law, the crops must represent an open system. B) Growth of the crops must occur spontaneously. C) The process of photosynthesis produces energy that the plant uses to grow. D) The entropy of the universe must decrease to account for the increased entropy associated with plant growth. E) All of the listed responses are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER A) To obey the first law, the crops must represent an open system.