TEAS Test Exam Study Guide.

TEAS Test Exam Study Guide. Absorption - answermovement of a substance such as nutrients from the intestine into the bloodstream acetylcholine (ACh) - answera neurotransmitter that triggers the contraction of skeletal muscle acidity - answerthe property of having excess H+ ions acidosis - answerthe decrease in blood pH acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - answerthe disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in which the body's immune system is compromised, leading to infections and tumors actin - answerthe thin filament protein of muscle tissue action potentials (AP's) - answera rapid polarization of a nerve cell that generates a nerve impulse activation energy - answerthe energy required for a chemical reaction to take place active immunity - answerthe production of antibodies by plasma cells active site - answerthe part of an enzyme that is especially suited to bond with a substrate adaptive arm - answerthe part of the immune system that is slower to activate in response to pathogens but specifically targets a pathogen and forms memory cells adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - answerthe form in which nucleotides function as a source of energy adhesion - answerthe property of polar molecules to attract other substances adipose - answerfat tissues adrenal glands - answerendocrine glands located above the kidneys that secrete hormones, including several that regulate blood pressure and fluid balance adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - answerhormone released by the anterior pituitary that acts on the adrenal glands to stimulate hormone release afferent arteriole - answerthe blood vessel that enters the glomerulus afferent (sensory) neurons - answerthe neurons that carry sensory information from the body toward the central nervous system aldosterone - answera hormone released by the adrenal cortex that induces sodium reabsorption at the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron alimentary canal - answerthe pathway in the body through which food travels while being digested and absorbed alkalinity (basicity) - answerthe property of having excess OH- ions alkalosis - answerincreased blood pH allele - answerone of two or more variations of a single gene alveoli - answersmall sacs in the lungs that are the site of gas exchange, facilitated by walls only one cell layer thick amino acid - answera protein monomer of an amino group (NH3+), a carboxyl group (COO- ), hydrogen (H), and a side chain (R group) amylopectin - answera glucose polymer that is part of starch amylose - answera glucose polymer that is part of starch anal sphincter - answera ring-shaped muscle that tightens to control the excretion of solid waste from the digestive tract anatomical planes - answerdivisions of the body into distinct halves. the three main planes are the coronal, sagittal, and transverse anemia - answera condition characterized by low levels of hemoglobin in the blood anion - answera negatively charged ion anterior pituitary - answerthe endocrine gland that releases hormones that control other glands or act directly on a target antibody - answera protein that specifically binds to a viral antigen antidiuretic hormon (ADH) - answerthe hormone released by the posterior pituitary in response to high blood osmolality. it functions at the collection duct of the nephron to increase water absorption antigen - answera microbial protein antimicrobial peptides - answerbroad-spectrum antimicrobials secreted by cells that target and kill many bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens to prevent infection