Midwifery MCQ With Correct Answers

Midwifery MCQ With Correct Answers Which hormone is produced by the corpus luteum? - ANS Progesterone Which stage of the menstrual cycle remains fairly constant regardless of the regularity of a woman's cycle? - ANS Luteal By how much does the body cells' need for oxygen increase in pregnancy? - ANS 20% Which structure carries oxygenated blood across the placenta to the fetus? - ANS Umbilical vein Which valve is situated between the left atrium and ventricle? - ANS Mitral valve Where is milk produced? - ANS Acini cells Haemopoiesis is the production of blood; where does it take place? - ANS Red bone marrow What term describes the outer layer of the blastocyst in embryonic life form from which the placenta and chorionic membrane develop? - ANS Trophoblast How much does a non-pregnant uterus weigh? - ANS 50g Which valve is situated between the right atria and ventricle and is composed of three flaps? - ANS Tricuspid valve What is the lower portion of the heart called? - ANS Apex What term describes the initial development of the zygote cells? - ANS Cleavage Which hormone stimulates the production of milk? - ANS Prolactin What is the outer layer of the heart called? - ANS Epicardium The production of oestrogen inhibits the production of which hormone? - ANS FHS Platelets are also known as? - ANS Thrombocytes Which hormone stimulates the release of milk? - ANS Oxytocin At full term the placenta weighs what fraction of the fetal weight? - ANS 1/6 What is effacement? - ANS Dilation of the internal os What is external respiration? - ANS Gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood White blood cells are also known as? - ANS Leucocytes What is attitude? - ANS The relationship of fetal limbs and head to its trunk Which vessels are found in the umbilical cord? - ANS 1 vein and 2 arteries From where is amniotic fluid secreted? - ANS Amnion The combination of which hormones stimulates contractions of the uterus? - ANS Oxytocin and oestrogen Which vessel carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body? - ANS Aorta A surge in which hormone causes ovulation? - ANS LH Which membrane lines the cavity of the uterus, developing from the trophoblast of the early embryo? - ANS Chorion What type of fiber is the cervix made of? - ANS Collagenous What is Amenorrhoea? - ANS Absence of monthly menstrual bleeding What type of fiber is the endometrium made of? - ANS Columnar What are red blood cells also known as? - ANS Erythrocytes What are the lobes on the maternal side of the placenta called? - ANS Cotyledons What valves are situated in the pulmonary artery and the aorta as they leave the heart? - ANS Semi-lunar valve Where is oxytocin produced? - ANS Posterior pituitary What is the lining of the uterus called during pregnancy? - ANS Decidua An immature egg is called a(n): - ANS Oocyte What is internal respiration? - ANS Gas exchange between the blood and body cells What term describes the stretchability of lung tissue? - ANS Compliance How long does it take for an embryo to develop into a fetus? - ANS 8 weeks At what point could a fetus potentially survive outside of the uterus? - ANS 22-23 weeks What is the fine hair called that develops on the fetus in utero? - ANS Lanugo What is created in the intestinal tract of the fetus in utero? - ANS Meconium What are common teratogens? - ANS Drugs, viruses, alcohol or radiation What is neurulation? - ANS The process that forms the brain and spinal cord When is the pre-embryonic period? - ANS Weeks 1-2 The number of times a woman has been pregnant is defined as? - ANS Gravida What is parity defined as? - ANS The number of times a woman has given birth Excessive vomiting in early pregnancy is known as: - ANS Hyperemesis What is the process in which female gametes are produced? - ANS Oogenesis What is the female gamete? - ANS Ovum What is a short-lived production of oogenesis that undergoes apoptosis? - ANS Polar bodies Oogenesis results in the formation of: - ANS 1 ovum, 3 polar bodies When does completion of meiosis occur? - ANS Fertilisation In what structure does the secondary oocyte start meiosis II? - ANS Graafian follicle If fertilisation doesn't occur, what stage of meiosis II does the secondary oocyte reach? - ANS Metaphase Where does spermatogenesis occur? - ANS Seminiferous tubules What is the name given to mature sperm? - ANS Spermatozoa What cells secrete testosterone? - ANS Leydig cells What does spermatogenesis involve? - ANS Mitosis followed by meiosis Are spermatogonia diploid or haploid? - ANS Diploid Which cells are first to become haploid? - ANS Secondary spermatocyte True or false; the primary spermatocytes and the spermatogonia each contain 46 chromosomes - ANS True What is the name of the fluid inside the lymphatic vessels? - ANS Lymph What do we call the structures scattered around the body as part of the lymphatic system? - ANS Lymph nodes What is the function of the lymph node? - ANS To filter foreign particles from the lymph What are the large lymphatic vessels called that drain lymph back into the circulatory system? - ANS Lymph ducts What is the fluid called that is formed in the spaces between cells? - ANS Interstitial fluid In the epithelial cell of the intestine, the fatty acids combine with monoglycerides to form: - ANS Triglyceride What is the long, fiber like part of a neuron which the cell sends information to? - ANS Axon What releases neurotransmitters which are sent into a he synaptic cleft for receptors on the dendrite to taste? - ANS Axon terminal Name the network of branches that come from individual cells (hint: and hey ca the bath information in the brain and nervous system) - ANS Dendrites Name the nerve cell which is the working unit of the brain in processing and transmitting information - ANS Neuron What is the insulating material that forms a layer around the axon of a neuron and enables electrical signals to travel down the axon at higher speeds? - ANS Myelin sheath What is the chemical that carries messages to other neurons? - ANS Neurotransmitter What is the tiny gap between neurons where nerve impulses are sent from one neuron to another? - ANS Synapse How many nerve cells does the brain contain? - ANS 100 billion What is the brain made of? - ANS Nerve tissue Which part of the brain directs sensory messages to other areas of the brain? - ANS Thalamus Where do thinking, problem solving and executive functioning happen? - ANS Cerebrum What carries messages between the body and the brain? - ANS Spinal cord What part of the brain is in charge of balance and coordination? - ANS Cerebellum What in the brain controls motivational behaviours including the fight or flight response? - ANS Hypothalamus Which part of the brain controls heart rate, regulated BP and is involved in breathing? - ANS Medulla oblongata The brain and the spinal cord make up the ___________________ nervous system - ANS Central Which part of a cell acts like the brain? - ANS Nucleus Which part of the cell is selectively permeable (allows certain things to enter or leave) - ANS Cell membrane What is the jelly like substance within a cell called? - ANS Cytoplasm What is an organelle? - ANS Structures within a cell that allow it to live, grow and reproduce Where is the genetic material found in a cell? - ANS Nucleus What structure is responsible for making proteins? - ANS Ribosome What organelle moves materials throughout the cell? - ANS Endoplasmic reticulum What are the positive particles of an atom? - ANS Protons What is an atoms overall charge? - ANS Neutral What is the particle that moves around the nucleus? - ANS Electron What hair-like structures remove dust and dirt from the air? - ANS Cilia What is the test used to measure the oxygen saturation of the blood? - ANS Pulse oximetry What is calculated when working out a patient's respiratory rate? - ANS Breaths per minute What is the normal respiration rate of an adult? - ANS 12-20bpm What is the dome shaped muscle that is the cause for hiccups? - ANS Diaphragm Which lung is larger? - ANS Right What is the medical term for low oxygen? - ANS Hypoxia What is the term for the amount of air that is exchanged by the lung when at rest? - ANS Tidal volume Vital capacity + residual volume = - ANS Total lung capacity What is the term for breathing in? - ANS Inspiratory What are the tiny sacs that exchange gases within the lungs? - ANS Alveoli What does the abbreviation ARM mean? - ANS Artificial rupture membranes What does the abbreviation CTG mean? - ANS Cardiotocograph What does the abbreviation GDM mean? - ANS Gestational diabetes mellitus What does the abbreviation IOL mean? - ANS Induction of Labour What does the abbreviation LSCS mean? - ANS Lower segment Caesarean section What does the abbreviation OP mean? - ANS Occipito posterior What does the abbreviation PROM mean? - ANS Prolonged rupture of membranes What does the abbreviation PO mean? - ANS Per oral During the cardiac cycle, what happens during the diastole phase? - ANS The heart is fully relaxed What is the stroke volume? - ANS The volume of blood ejected each time a ventricle contracts What is the term used when the resting heart rate is below 60BPM - ANS Bradycardia What do chemoreceptors measure? - ANS Chemical changes What do baroreceptors measure? - ANS Increases in blood pressure What do proprioceptors measure? - ANS Increased motor activity How many valves does the heart have? - ANS 4 How many chambers does the heart have? - ANS 4 What is the average blood pressure? - ANS 120/80 Blood enters the right atrium through... - ANS Vena cava What does systolic pressure measure? - ANS Ventricular contraction Which part of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood? - ANS Right side Which vessels carry blood to the heart? - ANS Veins What is the name for the circulation that takes blood from the heart to the lungs and back? - ANS Pulmonary What are the bottom chambers of the heart called? - ANS Ventricles In a BP reading of 120/80 what does the 120 represent? - ANS Systolic pressure What is the term used for how much pressure the blood is exerting against the artery walls when the ventricles are in a state of relaxation? - ANS Diastolic pressure What is the device called that measures blood pressure? - ANS Sphygmomameter Where is the radial artery located? - ANS Wrist Where is the carotid artery located? - ANS Neck What artery is used to measure blood pressure? - ANS Brachial artery Systolic and diastolic pressure are measured in units of... - ANS mmHg What is the term for high blood pressure? - ANS Hypertension What is the term for low blood pressure? - ANS Hypotension Where is systemic blood pressure at its highest? - ANS Aorta The cranial and spinal cavity are both contained within which cavity? - ANS Dorsal Which body cavity is located above the diaphragm and is surrounded by the rib cage? - ANS Thoracic What is a line that divides the body into left and right sides? - ANS Sagittal What is the name for the connective tissue that covers the entire muscle tissue? - ANS Epimysium What part of the body would be proximal to the elbow? - ANS Shoulder What is the action of the masseter? - ANS Closing the jaw The thoracic cage contains how many true ribs? - ANS 7 What is skeletal muscle? - ANS Voluntary and striated What is a bundle of muscle fibres called? - ANS Fascicle Where would intercostal muscle be found? - ANS Between the ribs What is the moveable attachment site of a muscle called? - ANS Insertion What is a non-moveable attachment site of a muscle called? - ANS Origin Where is semi striated muscle found? - ANS The heart What does the term muscle atrophy refer to? - ANS Weakened/wasted muscle Where does urine production take place? - ANS Nephrons In homeostasis what does the kidney regulate? - ANS Levels of electrolytes, pH and amount of water in the body Urine leaves the kidney through the... - ANS Ureters In the nephron there is a bundle of capillaries where filtration of the blood begins, what is it called? - ANS Glomerulus What is the outer structure of the kidney called? - ANS Cortex What is the central structure of the kidney called? - ANS Medulla What structure within the kidney filters blood and urine? - ANS Renal pelvis What part of the kidney is responsible for filtering, absorbing and reabsorbing? - ANS Nephron What is renin secreted by? - ANS Juxta glomerular cells Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water? - ANS Ascending limb of loop of Henle Which cells within the nephron have the maximum number of mitochondria? - ANS PCT What type of bone is the patella? - ANS Sesamoid bone How many classifications of bones are there? - ANS 4 At what age are bones completely ossified? - ANS 25 How many bones are there in the human body? - ANS 206 What are bone cells known as? - ANS Osteocytes What type of bone is the scapula? - ANS Flat bone What is the process of bone formation before birth? - ANS Ossification What is the fat stored in the internal cavities of bone called? - ANS Adipose tissue What are the joints in the skull called? - ANS Fibrous joints What are blood cells produced from within the bone called? - ANS Red marrow What is the outer covering of bone called? - ANS Periosteum What is the shaft of a long bone called? - ANS Diaphysis What is filled with yellow marrow (adipose tissue)? - ANS Medullary cavity What type of bone is a solid matrix with tightly packed cells? - ANS Compact bone What do endocrine glands secrete? - ANS Hormones What is the main function of the endocrine system? - ANS To create hormones that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis What is homeostasis? - ANS The process by which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment What is the term for the "cause" of something happening? - ANS Stimulus What is the term for the "effect" of a stimulus? - ANS Response What does a negative feedback loop do? - ANS Prevents small changes from becoming larger What are the two types of feedback responses that help organisms to maintain homeostasis? - ANS Positive and negative What is the name of a cell that has a receptor for a particular hormone? - ANS Target cell What causes the thickening of the endometrium? - ANS Oestrogen What is polyphagia? - ANS Excessive or extreme hunger What gland produces prolactin? - ANS Anterior pituitary What is a bolus made of? - ANS Chewed food and saliva The bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth is called - ANS The hard palate Where to the digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas empty into? - ANS Duodenum What does salivary amylase do? - ANS Begins chemical breakdown of carbohydrates What are the folds in the mucous membrane lining of the stomach called? - ANS Rugae What is the function of bile? - ANS To emulsify fats and make them water soluble What lines the wall of the small intestine? - ANS Villi What type of digestion takes place in the stomach? - ANS Mechanical and chemical Where does the absorption of nutrients take place? - ANS Small intestine What is responsible for the chemical digestion of food? - ANS Enzymes What is the term for the rhythmic muscular contractions of the oesophagus which moves food along? - ANS Peristalsis Where is bile stored? - ANS Gallbladder What are the 3 sections of the small intestine? - ANS Duodenum, jejenum, ileum What structure of the male reproductive system transports sperm? - ANS Vas deferens Where is sperm stored? - ANS Epididymis What is the structure that produces a thin milky fluid that aids in sperm motility? - ANS Prostate gland Which gland carries the sperm prior to ejaculation? - ANS Bulbourethral What type of division do primary spermatocytes go through? - ANS Meiosis What is the sperm count of a functionally sterile male? - ANS Below 20 million/mL What is the pH of semen in order to interact best with the environment of the vagina? - ANS Alkaline What is the feedback system that amplifies a change until a desired outcome is reached? - ANS Positive feedback system What is the term for the normal range of a variable in an organism? - ANS Set point What is the term for a part of the body that provides the response needed to influence change? - ANS Effector What is the area called that a causative agent lives? - ANS Reservoir How does a causative agent transmit to another host? - ANS Mode of transmission What is a way for a causative agent to escape the reservoir? - ANS Portal of exit How many links are in the chain of infection? - ANS 6 What is the single most effective way to break the chain of infection? - ANS Hand washing What is the means of transmission when touching a person with an infected wound? - ANS Direct contact What is the means of transmission when being bitten by an insect? - ANS Vector What is the term for a person who gets a disease because of weak defences? - ANS Susceptible host What is the type of infection that is acquired when the body defences are weak? - ANS Opportunistic How does the causative agent enter a new reservoir? - ANS Portal of entry What are the two hormones that maintain the lining of the uterus? - ANS Progesterone and oestrogen How many oviducts are there in the female reproductive system? - ANS 2 At what point during the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur? - ANS Day 12-16 At what point in the menstrual cycle does menstruation occur? - ANS Day 1-5 What happens between days 6-12 of the menstrual cycle? - ANS The lining of the uterus thickens Which hormone signals ovulation? - ANS LH What is the role of FHS during the menstrual cycle? - ANS Stimulates the development of follicles which in turn leads to oestrogen secretion Which organ has fimbriae? - ANS Fallopian tubes What is the uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis? - ANS Ilium What part of the pelvis is known as the border of the ilium? - ANS Iliac crest Which part of the pelvis has 4 attachment points for muscles and ligaments? - ANS Iliac spine How many areas can the pelvis be divided into? - ANS 8 What are the 8 areas of the pelvis? - ANS Sacrum, ilium, ischium, pubic bone, pubic symphysis, acetabulum, foramen obturatum and coccyx What area of the pelvis helps with weight bearing and is found between the sacrum and ilium? - ANS Sacroiliac joint What is a site for the attachment of muscles? - ANS Ischial spine Where does the head of the femur fit into the pelvis? - ANS Acetabulum What is the function of the pubis? - ANS To provide protection to the urinary and reproductive organs What does the word foramen mean? - ANS Opening or hole in a bone What makes up the obturator foramen? - ANS Ischium and pubic bone Where is the ischium found? - ANS Below the ilium and behind the pubis What is the function of the pubic symphysis? - ANS Absorb shock during walking and allow for delivery of baby Which area of the pelvis does the ingunial ligament attach to? - ANS Pubic tubercle What is the term for the overlapping of the bones of the fetal head to allow the pelvis to accommodate during Labour? - ANS Moulding What is the suture line that is located between the parietal bones and divides the skull into left and right halves? - ANS Sagittal suture What is the region of the skull that extends from the anterior fontanelle to the orbital ridges? - ANS Sinciput What is the name of the fontanelle that closes at 18 months of age? - ANS Anterior fontanelle What are the 3 regions of the fetal skull? - ANS Face, base and vault What are the two components of blood pressure? - ANS Cardiac output X peripheral resistance What makes up cardiac output? - ANS Heart rate and stroke volume What are the 3 factors that influence stroke volume? - ANS Preload, afterload and contractility Renin combines with what to form angiotensin 1? - ANS Angiotensinogen Which substance causes angiotensin 1 to turn into angiotensin 2? - ANS Angiotensin converting enzyme How much urine does the average person make? - ANS 0.5ml/kg/hr Where do the kidneys sit? - ANS Dorsal wall The medulla are formed into which part of the kidney? - ANS Pyramids Where does filtration occur within the nephron? - ANS Glomerulus What is the main muscle used when emptying the bladder? - ANS Detrusor Fats get absorbed into which part of the villus? - ANS Lacteal What are the 3 main types of neuron? - ANS Sensory, motor and relay What does the kidney remove? - ANS Urea and creatinine What 2 ions are closely associated with neurotransmission? - ANS Sodium and potassium What is the SOB (suboccipitobregmatic) diameter of the fetal skull? - ANS 9.5cm How many fontanelles are there on the fetal skull? - ANS 4