ASU BIO 100 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+

ASU BIO 100 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+ **Describe the roles of each bodily system: Digestive** Breaks down food both mechanically and chemically. Absorbs nutrients. Eliminates undigested waste. **Describe the roles of each bodily system: Cardiovascular (respiratory and circulatory)** Transports blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients, regulates body temperature, and provides immunity. **Describe the roles of each bodily system: Immune** Fights infections, maintains homeostasis by removing damaged cells, and defends against foreign organisms. **Describe the roles of each bodily system: Skeletal** Provides support, facilitates movement, stores minerals (bone marrow), and forms blood cells. **Describe the roles of each bodily system: Muscular** Enables movement, maintains body posture, produces heat, assists heart contractions, regulates blood pressure, and aids in intestinal movement (feces elimination). **Describe the roles of each bodily system: Endocrine** Manages communication, integration, and control via hormones. **Describe the roles of each bodily system: Reproductive** Ensures the continuation of the human species. **Describe the roles of each bodily system: Nervous** Manages communication, integration, control, and recognition of sensory stimuli (CNS & PNS). **Compare and contrast the use of positive and negative feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis. Explain using: Blood glucose regulation** Insulin regulation of blood sugar is a classic negative feedback example. When blood glucose levels rise, body receptors detect the change. The pancreas, as the control center, releases insulin into the bloodstream, which lowers blood glucose levels. Once homeostasis is achieved, insulin release stops. **Compare and contrast the use of positive and negative feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis. Explain using: Platelet release for blood clotting** When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets adhere to the site and release chemicals that attract more platelets. This positive feedback loop continues until a clot is formed, effectively stopping the bleeding. What does it mean if an organism is an ectotherm? depend mainly on external heat sources - their body temperature changes with the temperature of the environment (reptiles, snakes, lizards) What does it mean if an organism is an Endotherm? generate most of the heat they need internally (mammals/humans/dogs) Herbivorous mammals tend to have extremely long digestive systems, especially the intestines; omnivores have intermediate length intestines; and carnivores have extremely short intestines. What might be a logical explanation for this pattern? Plants are hard to break down and need more time to get nutrients. Why do strict vegetarians (vegans) have to be more careful of their choices of food than do vegetarians that also eat cheese, eggs, and dairy products? Because they aren't getting the vitamins and amino acids the body requires to function properly How do vaccines work? The body will produce antibodies against the vaccine so when you have the real thing your body will be prepared. You may not even get sick. In Southern Copperhead snake venom; you'll find a protein called a disintegrin. Disintegrins bind to a class of membrane receptors called integrins. Platelets use integrin receptors to aggregate at a site of tissue damage. What effect do you think disintegrin has on the snake's prey? The molecule interferes with clot formation so that the venom can travel more efficiently from the site of the bite to the rest of the body. Anatomical designs that increase surface area are common in many body systems. Give examples of how surface area is maximized in the digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems of humans. Digestive: it is folded so that the tract can have a lot of meters/surface area. This allows for more absorption. Anatomical designs that increase surface area are common in many body systems. Give examples of how surface area is maximized in the digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems of humans. Respiratory: alveoli allow for an increase in surface area, which maximizes gas exchange Anatomical designs that increase surface area are common in many body systems. Give examples of how surface area is maximized in the digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems of humans. Nervous System: Wrinkles in your brain increase surface area allowing for more synaptic connections What is the role of the lungs with respect to blood circulation and gas exchange? How does this relate to the function of the heart? The