Pathophysiology - Cardiovascular Function Questions and 100% Correct Answers | Grade A+

A 60-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain. He is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. This disease is caused by: a. Arterial wall thinning and weakening b. Abnormally dilated arteries and veins c. Abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls d. Autonomic nervous system imbalances Ans: ANS: C Atherosclerosis is a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by thickening and hardening of the vessel wall. A patient wants to know what causes atherosclerosis. How should the nurse respond? In general, atherosclerosis is caused by: a. High serum cholesterol levels b. Endothelial injury and inflammation c. An increase in antithrombotic substances d. Congenital heart disease Ans: ANS: B Atherosclerosis begins with injury to the endothelial cells that line artery walls. High serum cholesterol levels are associated with atherosclerosis, but are not its cause. A staff member asks a nurse what foam cells are. What is the nurse's best response? Foam cells in a fatty streak are: a. Deposited adipose cells b. Injured neutrophils c. Macrophages that engulf low-density lipoprotein (LDL) d. Lipid-laden mast cells Ans: ANS: C Foam cells are lipid-laden macrophages that engulf LDL. A nurse takes an adult patient's blood pressure and determines it to be normal. What reading did the nurse obtain? a. Systolic pressure between 140 mm Hg and 150 mm Hg b. Systolic pressure less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mm Hg c. Systolic pressure less than 100 mm Hg regardless of diastolic pressure d. Systolic pressure greater