BIO 242 Exam 2 UPGRADE A+

BIO 242 Exam 2 UPGRADE A+ Voltage gated Calcium channels tend to be located where in the neuron? - soma - axon - axon terminal - CORRECT ANSWER-axon terminal When a cell depolarizes it becomes more... - CORRECT ANSWER-positive graded potential is initiated by a stimulus and results in a __________________ change in membrane potential. - small - large - no - CORRECT ANSWER-small During relative refractory period will an action potential be triggered by any stimulus? - CORRECT ANSWER-an action potential will be triggered by larger stimulus what neurotransmitter used predominantly by skeletal muscles? - CORRECT ANSWER-acetylcholine in the spinal cord efferent information travels on __ of gray matter. - CORRECT ANSWER-ventral the section of the brain which regulates body position and balance is _ - CORRECT ANSWER-cerebellum an automatic patterned response to a stimulus is - CORRECT ANSWER-reflex receptor adaptation to a stimulus is because of_______ - CORRECT ANSWERdecrease in perception of stimulus Cerebrum lobes are...? - CORRECT ANSWER-parietal, frontel, occipital, temporal in order for light to get to the retina it must pass through ________ - CORRECT ANSWER-cornea, vitreous humor, lens All the special senses have cilia except...? - CORRECT ANSWER-vision __________ cells protect the central nervous system from foreign matter, such as bacteria and remnants of dead or injured cells. - CORRECT ANSWER-microglia What cells make up the blood-brain barrier? - CORRECT ANSWER-endothelial Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? a. CSF is important in the synthesis of T-lymphocytes. b. CSF acts as a shock absorber that prevents the soft nervous tissue from colliding with the hard bone. c. CSF functions as the interstitial fluid that bathes neurons and glial cells, providing the necessary nutrients and removing waste products. d. CSF contributes to the normal ionic composition around neurons. - CORRECT ANSWER-CSF is important in the synthesis of T-lymphocytes. The triad of a skeletal muscle cell is formed by what three structures? three transverse tubules two terminal cisternae and one transverse tubule three terminal cisternae two transverse tubules and one terminal cisternae - CORRECT ANSWER-two terminal cisternae and one transverse tubule Which brain tissue contains mostly axons - CORRECT ANSWER-white matter Which of the following structures of the brain functions in motor coordination and balance, providing feedback to motor systems to ensure smooth movements? hypothalamus thalamus cerebellum limbic system - CORRECT ANSWER-cerebellum Which of the following brain structures is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles? - CORRECT ANSWER-reticular formation What do the sensory receptors for taste, smell, and pain have in common? - The afferent neurons for all three terminate in the occipital lobe of the brain. - The afferent neurons for all three have branches that terminate in the limbic system and can alter behavior. - The receptors for all three are specialized ending of the afferent neurons rather than specialized cells. - They all detect chemicals in fluids. - CORRECT ANSWER-They all detect chemicals in fluids. Once the oxygen has been fully removed from blood, it turns blue. This is why veins appear blue when looking at them just under the skin. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER-False blood is red - arteries = bright red; veins = dark red Which of the following is true regarding electrical activity in pacemaker cells of the heart? - Activation of voltage-gated Ca++ channels are necessary for the cell to reach threshold. - Opening Na+ channels and closing K+ channels causes the pacemaker cells to depolarize to threshold. - At the initiation of depolarization, funny channels are closed. - Closing of K+ channels terminates the action potential. - CORRECT ANSWERActivation of voltage-gated Ca++ channels are necessary for the cell to reach threshold. Which type of sensory receptor is associated with taste, smell, blood oxygen, and blood pH? mechanoreceptors photoreceptors chemoreceptors thermoreceptors - CORRECT ANSWER-chemoreceptors Which of the eye component changes shape as it bends light, so that the light appropriately focuses on the photoreceptors? - CORRECT ANSWER-lens A 19-year-old male goes to the eye doctor because he is unable to see distant objects clearly, but he sees near objects fine. After examining him, the physician explains that his lens or cornea bends the light that enters the eye too much, causing it to focus in front of the retina. This condition is known as __________. - hyperopia - presbyopia - emmetropia - myopia - CORRECT ANSWER-myopia Which structure can change the pupillary diameter to modulate how much light is entering the eye? - CORRECT ANSWER-iris Hearing loss with aging (presbycusis) is relatively common. This is usually due to a combination of causes, such as genes and loud noises. For example, listening to loud music (especially through headphones) or working in very noisy conditions may increase presbycusis. Damage to which signal transduction structures might lead to this hearing loss? - CORRECT ANSWER-stereocilia Which of the following reflexes is a monosynaptic reflex in the human body? salivation reflex pupillary reflex baroreceptor reflex muscle spindle stretch reflex - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle spindle stretch reflex In which portion of the vestibular apparatus are the receptor cells that detect rotational acceleration located? organ of Corti ampulla utricle cochlea - CORRECT ANSWER-ampulla