Biology Major Field Test
_______ are required for the segregation of chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis -
ANS-Centromeres
________ can perform both steps of nitrification - ANS-Bacteria
________ female choice is when the female can store and decide which sperm will
fertilize her eggs - ANS-Cryptic
________ speciation occurs when a population diverges genetically into two different
lineages despite there being is geographic barrier dividing them - ANS-Allopatric
________ speciation occurs when a population diverges genetically into two different
lineages despite there being NO geographic barrier dividing them - ANS-Sympatic
________ transports water and solutes from the roots to the leaves, phloem transports
food from the ________ to the rest of the plant. - ANS-Xylem; leaves
__________ evolution occurs when two species sharing a common ancestor become
more different - ANS-Divergent
__________ is the proportion of a population with a given genotype who expresses the
phenotype - ANS-Penetrance
__________ refers to the varying phenotypic manifestations of a given genotype -
ANS-Expressivity
___________ Principles dictates that simpler explanation of phylogeny are favored as
being more likely to be true than more complex explanations - ANS-Parisomny
_____________ evolution occurs when two species SHARING a common ancestor
evolve in similar ways due to analogous selection pressures; ___________ evolution
occurs when two species NOT SHARING a recent ancestor evolve to become more
similar due to analogous selection pressure - ANS-Convergent ; Parallel
_____-selected species have high reproductive rate, small body size, occupancy of
unstable environments, and minimal parental care; _____-selected species have large
body size, long life expectancy and the production of fewer offspring - ANS-r ; k
,examples of r species include insects, grasses, etc
examples of k species include humans, elephants, etc.
"Introduced plants that escape from cultivation and become pests in natural areas" are
exotic, _______ species - ANS-Invasive
3 ways bacterial can replicate its genetic information: - ANS-Conjugation,
transformation, & transduction
5 things that may change allele frequency:
1) Migration
2) Mutation
3) Natural Selection
4)
5) - ANS-4) Small population size
5) Inbreeding
A _______ is a DNA sequence that replicates using an RNA intermediate -
ANS-Retrotransposon
A cell nucleus has which of the following information?
a) RNA
b) DNA
c) Proteins - ANS-All of them
A dipeptide is made of two _______ - ANS-amino acids
A full muscular diaphragm is found in only ______ - ANS-mammals
A lophophore is used for:
a) locomotion
b) as a larval stage
c) for feeding
d) for sensing light - ANS-c) for feeding
A prohormone has relatively _____ biological activity - ANS-Little
A promoter contains the _____site for RNA polymerase - ANS-binding
,A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was - ANS-feet with digits
A true coelom is a: - ANS-body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm tissue
According to one leading hypothesis, the jaw of vertebrates were derived by the
modification of: - ANS-Skeletal rods that had supported pharyngeal (gill) slits
According to the Endosymbiont Model of Eukaryote Evolution, the ancestor
mitochondria first started living inside its large host cell. The ancestor of mitochondria
belonged to which taxonomic kingdom ________ - ANS-Proteobacteria
According to the Endosymbiont Model of Eukaryote Evolution, the ancestor
mitochondria first started living inside its large host cell. To what taxonomic domain did
that host cell most likely belong to? - ANS-Eukarya
According to the pressure-flow model of movement of phloem contents, photosynthate
movement from source to sink is driven by ________________ - ANS-A water-pressure
potential gradient
Acidity is a measure of ____ - ANS-pH
Acidophiles - ANS-Microorganisms whose optimum growth is between a pH of 0.0-5.5
Fungi & Algae
Activator - ANS-protein that activates transcription
Active ____ protein binds to adenylate cyclase - ANS-G
Adaptive vs. Innate Immune Response - ANS-Adaptive -
"specific response"
Has immunological memory
Later response (3-7 days)
Uses B and T cells
Effectiveness increases with exposure
Innate-
"nonspecific response"
1st line of defense
, Response within 12 hours
Lacks immunological memory
Adenine is bonded to thymine (or uracil) by a double bond while, guanine is bonded to
cytosine by a ____________ bond - ANS-Triple
Aero-tolerant - ANS-Organisms that are indifferent to the levels of O2
Aerobes - ANS-Organisms that are capable of living in the presence of O2
Air pressure, air temperature, and density _______ as elevation increases which results
in _____ water holding capacity - ANS-Decreases; lower
Algae - ANS-Photoautotrophic protists
Alkalophiles - ANS-Microorganisms whose optimum growth is between 8.5-11.5
All of the following animal phyla has evolved both aquatic and terrestrial life forms
EXCEPT:
a) Arthropoda
b) Chordata
c) Echinodermata
d) Mollusca - ANS-c) Echinodermata
All of the following are classified as protostomes EXCEPT:
a) segmented worms
b) spiders
c) echinoderms
d) mollusks
e) insects - ANS-echinoderms
Allopatric speciation: - ANS-Populations adapt to local conditions in isolation
When reunited they no longer inter-breed
Almost all of the major animal body plans seen today appear in the fossil record over
500 million years ago at the beginning of the:
a) Cambrian period
b) Ediacaran period
c) Permian period
_______ are required for the segregation of chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis -
ANS-Centromeres
________ can perform both steps of nitrification - ANS-Bacteria
________ female choice is when the female can store and decide which sperm will
fertilize her eggs - ANS-Cryptic
________ speciation occurs when a population diverges genetically into two different
lineages despite there being is geographic barrier dividing them - ANS-Allopatric
________ speciation occurs when a population diverges genetically into two different
lineages despite there being NO geographic barrier dividing them - ANS-Sympatic
________ transports water and solutes from the roots to the leaves, phloem transports
food from the ________ to the rest of the plant. - ANS-Xylem; leaves
__________ evolution occurs when two species sharing a common ancestor become
more different - ANS-Divergent
__________ is the proportion of a population with a given genotype who expresses the
phenotype - ANS-Penetrance
__________ refers to the varying phenotypic manifestations of a given genotype -
ANS-Expressivity
___________ Principles dictates that simpler explanation of phylogeny are favored as
being more likely to be true than more complex explanations - ANS-Parisomny
_____________ evolution occurs when two species SHARING a common ancestor
evolve in similar ways due to analogous selection pressures; ___________ evolution
occurs when two species NOT SHARING a recent ancestor evolve to become more
similar due to analogous selection pressure - ANS-Convergent ; Parallel
_____-selected species have high reproductive rate, small body size, occupancy of
unstable environments, and minimal parental care; _____-selected species have large
body size, long life expectancy and the production of fewer offspring - ANS-r ; k
,examples of r species include insects, grasses, etc
examples of k species include humans, elephants, etc.
"Introduced plants that escape from cultivation and become pests in natural areas" are
exotic, _______ species - ANS-Invasive
3 ways bacterial can replicate its genetic information: - ANS-Conjugation,
transformation, & transduction
5 things that may change allele frequency:
1) Migration
2) Mutation
3) Natural Selection
4)
5) - ANS-4) Small population size
5) Inbreeding
A _______ is a DNA sequence that replicates using an RNA intermediate -
ANS-Retrotransposon
A cell nucleus has which of the following information?
a) RNA
b) DNA
c) Proteins - ANS-All of them
A dipeptide is made of two _______ - ANS-amino acids
A full muscular diaphragm is found in only ______ - ANS-mammals
A lophophore is used for:
a) locomotion
b) as a larval stage
c) for feeding
d) for sensing light - ANS-c) for feeding
A prohormone has relatively _____ biological activity - ANS-Little
A promoter contains the _____site for RNA polymerase - ANS-binding
,A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was - ANS-feet with digits
A true coelom is a: - ANS-body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm tissue
According to one leading hypothesis, the jaw of vertebrates were derived by the
modification of: - ANS-Skeletal rods that had supported pharyngeal (gill) slits
According to the Endosymbiont Model of Eukaryote Evolution, the ancestor
mitochondria first started living inside its large host cell. The ancestor of mitochondria
belonged to which taxonomic kingdom ________ - ANS-Proteobacteria
According to the Endosymbiont Model of Eukaryote Evolution, the ancestor
mitochondria first started living inside its large host cell. To what taxonomic domain did
that host cell most likely belong to? - ANS-Eukarya
According to the pressure-flow model of movement of phloem contents, photosynthate
movement from source to sink is driven by ________________ - ANS-A water-pressure
potential gradient
Acidity is a measure of ____ - ANS-pH
Acidophiles - ANS-Microorganisms whose optimum growth is between a pH of 0.0-5.5
Fungi & Algae
Activator - ANS-protein that activates transcription
Active ____ protein binds to adenylate cyclase - ANS-G
Adaptive vs. Innate Immune Response - ANS-Adaptive -
"specific response"
Has immunological memory
Later response (3-7 days)
Uses B and T cells
Effectiveness increases with exposure
Innate-
"nonspecific response"
1st line of defense
, Response within 12 hours
Lacks immunological memory
Adenine is bonded to thymine (or uracil) by a double bond while, guanine is bonded to
cytosine by a ____________ bond - ANS-Triple
Aero-tolerant - ANS-Organisms that are indifferent to the levels of O2
Aerobes - ANS-Organisms that are capable of living in the presence of O2
Air pressure, air temperature, and density _______ as elevation increases which results
in _____ water holding capacity - ANS-Decreases; lower
Algae - ANS-Photoautotrophic protists
Alkalophiles - ANS-Microorganisms whose optimum growth is between 8.5-11.5
All of the following animal phyla has evolved both aquatic and terrestrial life forms
EXCEPT:
a) Arthropoda
b) Chordata
c) Echinodermata
d) Mollusca - ANS-c) Echinodermata
All of the following are classified as protostomes EXCEPT:
a) segmented worms
b) spiders
c) echinoderms
d) mollusks
e) insects - ANS-echinoderms
Allopatric speciation: - ANS-Populations adapt to local conditions in isolation
When reunited they no longer inter-breed
Almost all of the major animal body plans seen today appear in the fossil record over
500 million years ago at the beginning of the:
a) Cambrian period
b) Ediacaran period
c) Permian period
