NRE 381 Final Exam Study Questions and Answers 2024

What is TPES? What's America's largest energy source? - -Total Primary Energy Supply -Oil What are policy issues with Energy? - Security, Scarcity, Prices, and environmental impacts According to Layzer, how did the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 affect the policy debate regarding extracting oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)? - It made oil extraction less likely in the ANWR, because it weakened the oil industries claims that oil could be extracted without risk of environmental harm Which of the following best describes current policies regarding oil extraction in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)? - Extracting oil in the ANWR is currently prohibited, in order to protect its ecological resources What best describes the ecological impacts caused by grazing large numbers of livestock in the West, as claimed by Environmentalists? - Livestock damaged the vegetation and soil, particularly in sensitive riparian areas What best describes an important policy change in the management of federal lands that occurred in the 20th century? - The federal gov't stopped transferring federal lands to states and individuals, instead intending to retain their ownership of the lands What best describes an important goal of the Sagebrush Rebellion and similar groups? - The transfer of federal lands to state ownership or control Who is the only person to have served as both President and Supreme Court Justice in the US? - Taft What is CAFE? What category of policy instruments ( 5 P's) best describes CAFE? - Corporate Average Fuel Economy -Prescriptive Regulation What category of policy instruments best describes the Conservation Reserve Program, administered by the Dept. of Agriculture? - Financial Payments Describe the major steps in the appointment of a justice to the US Supreme Court - A justice must first be nominated by the President and then confirmed by the Senate by majority vote Layzer asserts that is is generally easier to maintain the status quo than to create substantial change in policy. Why has this pattern been especially true for the issue of oil extraction in the ANWR? - Numerous Congressional committees have jurisdiction over energy bills, creating more opportunities for the bill to be blocked According to Layzer, what ways does "policy history [constrain] current debates and decisions?" - An agency's current perception of its mission is influenced by the statutes and judicial opinions of the past (Stare Decisis), and Stakeholder groups that benefit from past policies influence the current policy making context What policy features was included in the Taylor Grazing Act of 1934 and its admendments? - -Grazing advisory boards composed of ranchers -a system of grazing permits with below-market user fees What provides the best example of range improvement, as the term is described in the textbook? - use of herbicides and other methods that reduce plant diodiversity What best describes the objectives of the Wise Use Movement that emerged in the 1980's and '90s, as described in the textbook? - opposing rangeland regulation, in order to protect property rights of westerners and local economies in that region What characteristics distinguishes old-growth forests from second-growth forests? - Lumber produced from old-growth timber is more valuable than that of second-growth timber -the northern spotted owl's habitat is almost exclusively old-growth forest in the Pacific Northwest