1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
A) cell envelope.
B) cell membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
development of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability.
C) plasma membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus.
3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
A) cell membrane.
B) nuclear envelope.
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of
biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of
solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and
diameters in the range of:
A) 0.1 µm to 10 µm.
B) 0.3 µm to 30 µm.
C) 0.3 µm to 100 µm.
D) 1 µm to 100 µm.
E) 1 µm to 300 µm.
5. Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in
extreme environments?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukaryotes
D) Heterotrophs
E) None of the above
Page 1
, 6. The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy—it is
therefore a:
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which is a list of organelles?
A) Mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum
B) Peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane
C) Proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes
D) Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes
E) All of the above
8. Which one of the following has the cellular components arranged in order of increasing
size?
A) Amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
B) Amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
C) Amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
D) Protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
E) Protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
9. The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily
through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is not considered a
noncovalent interaction?
A) Carbon-carbon bonds
B) Hydrogen bonds
C) Hydrophobic interactions
D) Ionic interactions
E) van der Waals interactions
10. Which one of the following is not among the four most abundant elements in living
organisms?
A) Carbon
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Oxygen
E) Phosphorus
Page 2
,11. The four covalent bonds in methane (CH4 ) are arranged around carbon to give which one
of the following geometries?
A) Linear
B) Tetrahedral
C) Trigonal bipyramidal
D) Trigonal planar
E) Trigonal pyramidal
12. What functional groups are present on this molecule?
A) Ether and aldehyde
B) Hydroxyl and aldehyde
C) Hydroxyl and carboxylic acid
D) Hydroxyl and ester
E) Hydroxyl and ketone
13. The macromolecules that serve in the storage and transmission of genetic information
are:
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic acids.
E) proteins.
14. Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans isomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric isomers.
15. The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell is the:
A) metabolome.
B) proteasome.
C) lysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
Page 3
, 16. Use the terms a) chemoautotrophs, b) chemoheterotrophs, c) photoautotrophs, and d)
photoheterotrophs and identify the answer that correctly finishes the statement:
Carnivores are ________ and herbivores are ________.
A) b, c
B) b, d
C) b, b
D) a, b
E) a, a
17. The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumaric acid to l-malate, but
it will not catalyze the hydration of maleic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid. This is
an example of:
A) biological activity.
B) chiral activity.
C) racemization.
D) stereoisomerization.
E) stereospecificity.
18. Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and
degrading it. This is an example of a(n):
A) dynamic steady state.
B) equilibrium state.
C) exergonic change.
D) free-energy change.
E) waste of energy.
19. If heat energy is absorbed by the system during a chemical reaction, the reaction is said
to be:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
20. the free energy change ΔG for a reaction is –46.11 kJ/mol, the reaction is:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
Page 4
A) cell envelope.
B) cell membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
development of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability.
C) plasma membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus.
3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
A) cell membrane.
B) nuclear envelope.
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of
biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of
solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and
diameters in the range of:
A) 0.1 µm to 10 µm.
B) 0.3 µm to 30 µm.
C) 0.3 µm to 100 µm.
D) 1 µm to 100 µm.
E) 1 µm to 300 µm.
5. Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in
extreme environments?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukaryotes
D) Heterotrophs
E) None of the above
Page 1
, 6. The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy—it is
therefore a:
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which is a list of organelles?
A) Mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum
B) Peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane
C) Proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes
D) Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes
E) All of the above
8. Which one of the following has the cellular components arranged in order of increasing
size?
A) Amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
B) Amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
C) Amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
D) Protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
E) Protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
9. The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily
through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is not considered a
noncovalent interaction?
A) Carbon-carbon bonds
B) Hydrogen bonds
C) Hydrophobic interactions
D) Ionic interactions
E) van der Waals interactions
10. Which one of the following is not among the four most abundant elements in living
organisms?
A) Carbon
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Oxygen
E) Phosphorus
Page 2
,11. The four covalent bonds in methane (CH4 ) are arranged around carbon to give which one
of the following geometries?
A) Linear
B) Tetrahedral
C) Trigonal bipyramidal
D) Trigonal planar
E) Trigonal pyramidal
12. What functional groups are present on this molecule?
A) Ether and aldehyde
B) Hydroxyl and aldehyde
C) Hydroxyl and carboxylic acid
D) Hydroxyl and ester
E) Hydroxyl and ketone
13. The macromolecules that serve in the storage and transmission of genetic information
are:
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic acids.
E) proteins.
14. Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans isomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric isomers.
15. The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell is the:
A) metabolome.
B) proteasome.
C) lysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
Page 3
, 16. Use the terms a) chemoautotrophs, b) chemoheterotrophs, c) photoautotrophs, and d)
photoheterotrophs and identify the answer that correctly finishes the statement:
Carnivores are ________ and herbivores are ________.
A) b, c
B) b, d
C) b, b
D) a, b
E) a, a
17. The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumaric acid to l-malate, but
it will not catalyze the hydration of maleic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid. This is
an example of:
A) biological activity.
B) chiral activity.
C) racemization.
D) stereoisomerization.
E) stereospecificity.
18. Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and
degrading it. This is an example of a(n):
A) dynamic steady state.
B) equilibrium state.
C) exergonic change.
D) free-energy change.
E) waste of energy.
19. If heat energy is absorbed by the system during a chemical reaction, the reaction is said
to be:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
20. the free energy change ΔG for a reaction is –46.11 kJ/mol, the reaction is:
A) at equilibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
Page 4
