NURBN 3023 EXAM PREP
A patient suffering from anaphylactic shock can suffer respiratory distress due to:
a. laryngeal oedema
b. swelling of the lips and tongue
c. acute pulmonary oedema
d. pulmonary embolus - ANS-A
What are the first clinical signs of shock?
a. rise in BP and increased Heart rate
b. increased respiratory rate and fall in BP
c. confusion and decrease in urinary output
d. fall in BP and increased Heart rate - ANS-D
Signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock include all of the following except:
a. jugular vein distension
b. hyperthermia
c. peripheral hypoperfusion
d. pulmonary oedema - ANS-B
What type of shock is typically caused by trauma to the spinal cord or brain?
a. septic
b. anaphylactic
c. neurogenic
d. obstructive - ANS-C
Compensatory mechanisms typically maintain cardiac output in healthy patients in
which stage of shock?
a. initial stage
b. compensatory stage
c. progressive stage
d. refractory stage - ANS-B
,What are the 2 major complications that can occur during large amounts of fluid
replacement?
a. ascites and increased Intracranial pressure
b. hyperthermia and coagulopathy
c. hypothermia and hypertension
d. hypothermia and coagulopathy - ANS-D
Sympathomimetic drugs such as adrenaline and noradrenaline are known as:
a. rapid volume expanders
b. arterial and venous vasodilators
c. venodilators
d. vasopressor drugs - ANS-D
A patient in neurogenic shock may present with poikilothermia, which is best defined
as?
a. warm skin with red blotches
b. cool skin which blanches easily
c. the skin takes on the temperature of the environment
d. the skin continues to heat up despite cooling measures - ANS-C
What is the action of colloids when used as fluid therapy in hypovolaemic shock?
a. increase plasma colloid osmotic pressure
b. decrease plasma colloid osmotic pressure
c. decrease the risk of renal dysfunction
d. increase systemic vascular resistance - ANS-A
Which of the following shocks are classified as 'a maldistribution of blood flow'?
a. hypovolaemic, cardiogenic and neurogenic
b. cardiogenic, neurogenic and hypertensive
c. anaphylactic, septic and neurogenic
d. septic,neurogenic and relative hypovolaemic - ANS-C
How many ATP molecules theoretically may be generated by the complete oxidation of
glucose into carbon dioxide?
,a. 2
b. 12
c. 32
d. 36 - ANS-D
Cellular respiration is the name given to a series of biochemical reactions that:
a. makes glucose from carbon dioxide and water
b. uses glucose to make ATP
c. uses glucose to make oxygen
d. uses ATP to make oxygen - ANS-B
The steps of respiration occur in different parts of the cell. Where in the cell does
glycolysis occur?
a. chloroplast
b. mitochondria
c. cytoplasm
d. nucleus - ANS-C
Glycolysis produces a net gain of:
a. no ATP
b. 1 ATP
c. 2 ATP
d. 5 ATP - ANS-C
When oxygen is present the pyruvate or pyruvic acid molecules enter what is known as
the Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle). Where in the cell does
the Krebs cycle occur?
a. mitochondria
b. nucleus
c. cytoplasm
d. lyosome - ANS-A
Aerobic metabolism is more efficient in terms of producing ATP from glucose than
anaerobic metabolsim?
True
, False - ANS-True
Which process produces alcohol or lactate?
a. the citric acid cycle
b. glycolysis
c. the electron transport system
d. fermentation - ANS-D
Oxygen is not required for anaerobic metabolism.
True
False - ANS-True
The first process in breaking down glucose at a cellular level is:
a. the citric acid cycle
b. glycolysis
c. the electron transport system.
d. the preparatory reaction. - ANS-B
In the absence of oxygen the cell's ability to produce energy is:
a. increased
b. decreased
c. unchanged
d. is limited to 36 ATP - ANS-B
The spinal cord gives rise to how many pairs of spinal nerves:
a. 31
b. 32
c. 33
d. 34 - ANS-A
There are 12 cranial nerves that emerge from which area of the brain:
a. brainstem
b. hypothalamus
c. thalamus
A patient suffering from anaphylactic shock can suffer respiratory distress due to:
a. laryngeal oedema
b. swelling of the lips and tongue
c. acute pulmonary oedema
d. pulmonary embolus - ANS-A
What are the first clinical signs of shock?
a. rise in BP and increased Heart rate
b. increased respiratory rate and fall in BP
c. confusion and decrease in urinary output
d. fall in BP and increased Heart rate - ANS-D
Signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock include all of the following except:
a. jugular vein distension
b. hyperthermia
c. peripheral hypoperfusion
d. pulmonary oedema - ANS-B
What type of shock is typically caused by trauma to the spinal cord or brain?
a. septic
b. anaphylactic
c. neurogenic
d. obstructive - ANS-C
Compensatory mechanisms typically maintain cardiac output in healthy patients in
which stage of shock?
a. initial stage
b. compensatory stage
c. progressive stage
d. refractory stage - ANS-B
,What are the 2 major complications that can occur during large amounts of fluid
replacement?
a. ascites and increased Intracranial pressure
b. hyperthermia and coagulopathy
c. hypothermia and hypertension
d. hypothermia and coagulopathy - ANS-D
Sympathomimetic drugs such as adrenaline and noradrenaline are known as:
a. rapid volume expanders
b. arterial and venous vasodilators
c. venodilators
d. vasopressor drugs - ANS-D
A patient in neurogenic shock may present with poikilothermia, which is best defined
as?
a. warm skin with red blotches
b. cool skin which blanches easily
c. the skin takes on the temperature of the environment
d. the skin continues to heat up despite cooling measures - ANS-C
What is the action of colloids when used as fluid therapy in hypovolaemic shock?
a. increase plasma colloid osmotic pressure
b. decrease plasma colloid osmotic pressure
c. decrease the risk of renal dysfunction
d. increase systemic vascular resistance - ANS-A
Which of the following shocks are classified as 'a maldistribution of blood flow'?
a. hypovolaemic, cardiogenic and neurogenic
b. cardiogenic, neurogenic and hypertensive
c. anaphylactic, septic and neurogenic
d. septic,neurogenic and relative hypovolaemic - ANS-C
How many ATP molecules theoretically may be generated by the complete oxidation of
glucose into carbon dioxide?
,a. 2
b. 12
c. 32
d. 36 - ANS-D
Cellular respiration is the name given to a series of biochemical reactions that:
a. makes glucose from carbon dioxide and water
b. uses glucose to make ATP
c. uses glucose to make oxygen
d. uses ATP to make oxygen - ANS-B
The steps of respiration occur in different parts of the cell. Where in the cell does
glycolysis occur?
a. chloroplast
b. mitochondria
c. cytoplasm
d. nucleus - ANS-C
Glycolysis produces a net gain of:
a. no ATP
b. 1 ATP
c. 2 ATP
d. 5 ATP - ANS-C
When oxygen is present the pyruvate or pyruvic acid molecules enter what is known as
the Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle). Where in the cell does
the Krebs cycle occur?
a. mitochondria
b. nucleus
c. cytoplasm
d. lyosome - ANS-A
Aerobic metabolism is more efficient in terms of producing ATP from glucose than
anaerobic metabolsim?
True
, False - ANS-True
Which process produces alcohol or lactate?
a. the citric acid cycle
b. glycolysis
c. the electron transport system
d. fermentation - ANS-D
Oxygen is not required for anaerobic metabolism.
True
False - ANS-True
The first process in breaking down glucose at a cellular level is:
a. the citric acid cycle
b. glycolysis
c. the electron transport system.
d. the preparatory reaction. - ANS-B
In the absence of oxygen the cell's ability to produce energy is:
a. increased
b. decreased
c. unchanged
d. is limited to 36 ATP - ANS-B
The spinal cord gives rise to how many pairs of spinal nerves:
a. 31
b. 32
c. 33
d. 34 - ANS-A
There are 12 cranial nerves that emerge from which area of the brain:
a. brainstem
b. hypothalamus
c. thalamus
