CMD 160 Final Part 2
✅✅-express pain, hunger, or displeasure
infant uses voice to -
as the child matures he uses voice for - ✅✅-production of speech, and to express ideas
and moods
at age 60 what happens to the voice? - ✅✅-there is a decline in ability to control pitch and
loudness
female pitch does what with age? - ✅✅-lowers
male pitch does what with age? - ✅✅-increases
pitch - ✅✅-the highs and lows of voice
what is pitched determined by? - ✅✅-the speed of vocal folds
fundamental frequency - ✅✅-speed at which the vocal folds moves
pitch is measured in - ✅✅-HERTZ (number of vibrations per second)
habitual pitch - ✅✅-average fundamental frequency
adult male habitual pitch - ✅✅-130 Hz (vocal folds open/close 130 times per second)
adult female habitual pitch - ✅✅-250 Hz
average child - ✅✅-500 Hz
Vocal Intensity (loudness) is measured in - ✅✅-decibels (dB)
how loud is a normal conversation? - ✅✅-60 dB
what does changes in loudness come from? - ✅✅-air pressure coming from the lungs
normal voice requires - ✅✅-Voice quality, Pitch, Loudness, Flexibility that is pleasing and
audible to the listener
disordered voice involves - ✅✅ -- deviations of any or all of the above that may signify
illness and/or interfere with communication
what is true of most voice disorders in children? - ✅✅-typically the result of misuse and
abuse and are often temporary
edema - ✅✅-swollen
, aphonia - ✅✅-complete loss of voice
harsh voice - ✅✅-too much tension
breathy voice - ✅✅-voice produced like a partial whisper
hoarse - ✅✅-both harsh and breathy
larygnitis - ✅✅-swelling/inflammation/edema of the vocal cords
What can laryngitis be caused by? - ✅✅-- bad cold (coughing)
- tobacco
- alcohol
- smoking
- allergies
- vocal abuse (ie. screaming at a sporting event)
vocal nodules - ✅✅ -- mainly caused by abuse to the vocal folds
(screaming, shouting, throat clearing, and coughing)
- tend to develop overtime
what are vocal nodules often referred to? - ✅✅-screamers nodules
describe vocal nodules - ✅✅-when first developed they may be soft, but become hard like
a callous
vocal polyps -✅✅ -- Usually caused by trauma - mostly a one-time event
- Develop when blood vessels in the vocal folds swell and rupture
describe a vocal polyp - ✅✅-- fluid filled
- much like a blister
- prone to hemorrhage
contact ulcers (granuloma) - ✅✅ -- raw sores on vocal cords
- typically located at the back of the vocal cords
- usually caused by abuse, GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX, long term incubation
symptoms of contact ulcers - ✅✅-mild pain while speaking or swallowing and hoarseness
what does a doctor do with contact ulcers? - ✅✅-may take a small tissue sample and
biopsy to make sure there is no cancer of the cells
papilloma - ✅✅ -- warts that grow on the vocal cords and are caused by HPV
- need surgery to be removed
why are papilloma's dangerous? - ✅✅-they can grow large and obstruct airways.
✅✅-express pain, hunger, or displeasure
infant uses voice to -
as the child matures he uses voice for - ✅✅-production of speech, and to express ideas
and moods
at age 60 what happens to the voice? - ✅✅-there is a decline in ability to control pitch and
loudness
female pitch does what with age? - ✅✅-lowers
male pitch does what with age? - ✅✅-increases
pitch - ✅✅-the highs and lows of voice
what is pitched determined by? - ✅✅-the speed of vocal folds
fundamental frequency - ✅✅-speed at which the vocal folds moves
pitch is measured in - ✅✅-HERTZ (number of vibrations per second)
habitual pitch - ✅✅-average fundamental frequency
adult male habitual pitch - ✅✅-130 Hz (vocal folds open/close 130 times per second)
adult female habitual pitch - ✅✅-250 Hz
average child - ✅✅-500 Hz
Vocal Intensity (loudness) is measured in - ✅✅-decibels (dB)
how loud is a normal conversation? - ✅✅-60 dB
what does changes in loudness come from? - ✅✅-air pressure coming from the lungs
normal voice requires - ✅✅-Voice quality, Pitch, Loudness, Flexibility that is pleasing and
audible to the listener
disordered voice involves - ✅✅ -- deviations of any or all of the above that may signify
illness and/or interfere with communication
what is true of most voice disorders in children? - ✅✅-typically the result of misuse and
abuse and are often temporary
edema - ✅✅-swollen
, aphonia - ✅✅-complete loss of voice
harsh voice - ✅✅-too much tension
breathy voice - ✅✅-voice produced like a partial whisper
hoarse - ✅✅-both harsh and breathy
larygnitis - ✅✅-swelling/inflammation/edema of the vocal cords
What can laryngitis be caused by? - ✅✅-- bad cold (coughing)
- tobacco
- alcohol
- smoking
- allergies
- vocal abuse (ie. screaming at a sporting event)
vocal nodules - ✅✅ -- mainly caused by abuse to the vocal folds
(screaming, shouting, throat clearing, and coughing)
- tend to develop overtime
what are vocal nodules often referred to? - ✅✅-screamers nodules
describe vocal nodules - ✅✅-when first developed they may be soft, but become hard like
a callous
vocal polyps -✅✅ -- Usually caused by trauma - mostly a one-time event
- Develop when blood vessels in the vocal folds swell and rupture
describe a vocal polyp - ✅✅-- fluid filled
- much like a blister
- prone to hemorrhage
contact ulcers (granuloma) - ✅✅ -- raw sores on vocal cords
- typically located at the back of the vocal cords
- usually caused by abuse, GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX, long term incubation
symptoms of contact ulcers - ✅✅-mild pain while speaking or swallowing and hoarseness
what does a doctor do with contact ulcers? - ✅✅-may take a small tissue sample and
biopsy to make sure there is no cancer of the cells
papilloma - ✅✅ -- warts that grow on the vocal cords and are caused by HPV
- need surgery to be removed
why are papilloma's dangerous? - ✅✅-they can grow large and obstruct airways.
