critical care/flight paramedic exam questions and answers

critical care/flight paramedic exam questions and answers babinski reflex - ️️ -extension and spreading of toes when bottom of foot is stroked. sign of nervous system lesion battles sign - ️️ -bruise behind ear, basilar skull fracture becks triad - ️️ -jvd, muffled heart tones, hypotension. from cardiac tamponade brudzinski sign - ️️ -flexion of the neck results in flexion of the hip. meningitis coopernails sign - ️️ -ecchymosis on perineum, labia, scrotum. sign of pelvis fracture cullens sign - ️️ -bruising around umbilicus. Sign of pancreatitis or ectopic pregnancy grey turners sign - ️️ -discoloration of skin around flank. sign of pancreatitis hammans sign - ️️ -crunching sound of heart with asynchronous heart beat. sign of mediastinal emphysema/tracheobronchial disruption kehrs sign - ️️ -left shoulder pain associated with splenic rupture kernigs sign - ️️ -pain to knee extension when hip is at 90 degrees. sign of meningitis levines sign - ️️ -pain with clutched fist over midline of chest. sign of cardiac chest pain mcburneys sign - ️️ -tenderness 2/3 the distance between umbilicus and ileum. sign of appendicitis muphys sign - ️️ -pt unable to take deep breath on inspiration with deep palpation beneath right coastal margins. sign of gall bladder issues S2 "dub" heart tones - ️️ -aortic and pulmonary valve closure s1 "lub" sound - ️️ -bicuspic/tricuspid valve closure stroke volume is affected by - ️️ -preload, afterload, contractility s4 heart tone - ️️ -indicative of stiff or noncompliant ventricle, like with an old MI s3 heart tone - ️️ -ventricle stretch due to fluid overload right coronary artery is typically repaired by using - ️️ -saphenous vein dresslers sign - ️️ -pericarditis from recent MI or cardiac surgery alpha 1 stimulation results in - ️️ -increased SVR/vasoconstriction beta 1 stimulation results in - ️️ -increased HR, contractility