PEACE RESEARCH AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
C1 : BACKGROUND INFORMATION COURSE.......................................................................................................3
LEARNING GOALS...............................................................................................................................................3
CONCEPT MAP....................................................................................................................................................4
C2 : CONFLICT DEFINITIONS, CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS...........................................................................5
CONFLICT DEFINITIONS......................................................................................................................................5
REFLECTIONS.................................................................................................................................................5
DEFINITIONS..................................................................................................................................................5
CONFLICT CHARACTERISTICS..............................................................................................................................7
CONFLICTS IN TODAY’S WORLD..........................................................................................................................8
C3-4 : GRIEVANCES AND CONFLICT....................................................................................................................9
GRIEVANCE THEORIES OF CONFLICT – TED GURR (WHY MAN REBEL, 1970)......................................................9
INEQUALITY IN THE WORLD.............................................................................................................................10
EMPIRICAL STUDIES : INEQUALITY AND VIOLENT CONFLICT............................................................................10
HORIZONTAL INEQUALITIES – FRANCES STEWART...........................................................................................11
HIS AND CONFLICT............................................................................................................................................12
EVALUATION HI - THEORY...........................................................................................................................12
CONCEPTUALIZING ETHNICITY.........................................................................................................................13
ANALYTICAL APPROACHES..........................................................................................................................13
VIEWS ON EMERGENCE OF CONFLICT.........................................................................................................13
..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
C5 : GREED AND CONFLICT...............................................................................................................................14
HIs AND CONFLICT : CRITIQUE..........................................................................................................................14
POLICIES TOWARDS HI......................................................................................................................................14
THREE TYPES OF POLICY..............................................................................................................................14
HORIZONTAL INEQUALITIES AND POST-CONFLICT DEVELOPMENT.............................................................15
ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF CONFLICT............................................................................................................16
GREED THEORY OF CONFLICT – PAUL COLLIER.................................................................................................17
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND EVIDENCE........................................................................................................17
,CRITICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE GREED THEORY OF CONFLICT.........................................................................18
RE-INTERPRETATION OF GREED THEORY – PAUL COLLIER..........................................................................18
C6 : NATURAL RESOURCES ABUNDANCE AND CONFLICT.................................................................................19
RESOURCE CURSE.............................................................................................................................................19
MECHANISMS RESOURCE CURSE.................................................................................................................19
RESOURCE ABUNDANCE & CONFLICT...............................................................................................................20
EMPIRICAL LINKAGES..................................................................................................................................21
C7 : NATURAL RESOURCES SCARCITY AND CONFLICT.......................................................................................22
MAIN SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT..........................................................................................................................22
RESOURCE SCARCITY: A CATASTROPHE IN WAITING?......................................................................................22
PATHWAYS LINKING NATURAL RESOURCES TO CONFLICT...............................................................................22
ENVIRONMENTAL SCARCITY AND CONFLICT : THEORY – THOMAS HOMER-DIXON.........................................23
FACTORS CAUSING SCARCITY......................................................................................................................23
CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCARCITY.......................................................................................24
POSSIBLE PATHWAYS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE TO CONFLICT....................................................................24
CRITIQUE : NEOCLASSICAL ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL ECOLOGISTS........................................................24
C8 : MEDIA AND CONFLICT...............................................................................................................................26
MEDIA...............................................................................................................................................................26
MEDIA SPHERE............................................................................................................................................26
INTERNATIONAL NEWS : NEWS SOURCES...................................................................................................26
NEWS COMMUNICATION PROCESS.............................................................................................................26
SELECTIVE GATEKEEPING..................................................................................................................................27
MEDIATISED CONFLICTS...................................................................................................................................28
PARADIGMS.................................................................................................................................................28
NEW NATURE OF INFORMATION IN CONFLICT : CASE OF RWANDA / ZAÏRE / DR CONGO..........................28
C9 : MEDIATION AND NEGOTIATION................................................................................................................30
CONFLICT RESOLUTION METHODS...................................................................................................................30
TRADITIONAL PEACEKEEPING...........................................................................................................................31
NEGOTIATION AND MEDIATION.......................................................................................................................32
C10 : PEACEKEEPING.........................................................................................................................................33
,CONCEPTUAL CLARIFICATIONS.........................................................................................................................33
TRADITIONAL PEACEKEEPING (RECAP).............................................................................................................34
DEFINING HI.................................................................................................................................................34
ASSESSING HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION...............................................................................................35
PEACEKEEPING : UN QUIZ.................................................................................................................................35
C11 : OBSTACLES TO PEACE..............................................................................................................................36
NATURE OF POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES : TYPOLOGIZING.................................................................................36
OBSTACLES TO PEACE.......................................................................................................................................38
C12 : PEACE EDUCATION..................................................................................................................................42
IMPACT OF CONFLICT ON EDUCATION.............................................................................................................42
NEXUS OF EDUCATION, PEACE AND CONFLICT................................................................................................42
FACES OF EDUCATION – BUSH & SALTARELLI..............................................................................................42
4R FRAMEWORK..........................................................................................................................................42
PEACE EDUCATION...........................................................................................................................................43
CONFLICT-SENSITIVE EDUCATION...............................................................................................................43
DIRECT AND INDIRECT PEACE EDUCATION..................................................................................................43
C13 : POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION AND PEACEBUILDING......................................................................44
DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION (DDR).....................................................................44
THEORY BEHIND DDR : GREED – GRIEVANCE FRAMEWORK........................................................................45
COMPLEXITY AND PARADOXES...................................................................................................................45
CONCEPTUALIZING PEACE : NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE PEACE – JOHAN GALTUNG...........................................46
PEACEBUILDING OBJECTIVES AND CHALLENGES..............................................................................................46
C1 : BACKGROUND INFORMATION COURSE
LEARNING GOALS
+ describe main characteristics and evolution of violent conflicts
+ compare main theories of conflict
+ explain main challenges and complexities of peace processes
+ gain critical perspective of current peacebuilding practices
+ apply theories to explain conflict causes and peace challenges (analysis of actual conflict cases)
, CONCEPT MAP
C1 : BACKGROUND INFORMATION COURSE.......................................................................................................3
LEARNING GOALS...............................................................................................................................................3
CONCEPT MAP....................................................................................................................................................4
C2 : CONFLICT DEFINITIONS, CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS...........................................................................5
CONFLICT DEFINITIONS......................................................................................................................................5
REFLECTIONS.................................................................................................................................................5
DEFINITIONS..................................................................................................................................................5
CONFLICT CHARACTERISTICS..............................................................................................................................7
CONFLICTS IN TODAY’S WORLD..........................................................................................................................8
C3-4 : GRIEVANCES AND CONFLICT....................................................................................................................9
GRIEVANCE THEORIES OF CONFLICT – TED GURR (WHY MAN REBEL, 1970)......................................................9
INEQUALITY IN THE WORLD.............................................................................................................................10
EMPIRICAL STUDIES : INEQUALITY AND VIOLENT CONFLICT............................................................................10
HORIZONTAL INEQUALITIES – FRANCES STEWART...........................................................................................11
HIS AND CONFLICT............................................................................................................................................12
EVALUATION HI - THEORY...........................................................................................................................12
CONCEPTUALIZING ETHNICITY.........................................................................................................................13
ANALYTICAL APPROACHES..........................................................................................................................13
VIEWS ON EMERGENCE OF CONFLICT.........................................................................................................13
..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
C5 : GREED AND CONFLICT...............................................................................................................................14
HIs AND CONFLICT : CRITIQUE..........................................................................................................................14
POLICIES TOWARDS HI......................................................................................................................................14
THREE TYPES OF POLICY..............................................................................................................................14
HORIZONTAL INEQUALITIES AND POST-CONFLICT DEVELOPMENT.............................................................15
ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF CONFLICT............................................................................................................16
GREED THEORY OF CONFLICT – PAUL COLLIER.................................................................................................17
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND EVIDENCE........................................................................................................17
,CRITICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE GREED THEORY OF CONFLICT.........................................................................18
RE-INTERPRETATION OF GREED THEORY – PAUL COLLIER..........................................................................18
C6 : NATURAL RESOURCES ABUNDANCE AND CONFLICT.................................................................................19
RESOURCE CURSE.............................................................................................................................................19
MECHANISMS RESOURCE CURSE.................................................................................................................19
RESOURCE ABUNDANCE & CONFLICT...............................................................................................................20
EMPIRICAL LINKAGES..................................................................................................................................21
C7 : NATURAL RESOURCES SCARCITY AND CONFLICT.......................................................................................22
MAIN SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT..........................................................................................................................22
RESOURCE SCARCITY: A CATASTROPHE IN WAITING?......................................................................................22
PATHWAYS LINKING NATURAL RESOURCES TO CONFLICT...............................................................................22
ENVIRONMENTAL SCARCITY AND CONFLICT : THEORY – THOMAS HOMER-DIXON.........................................23
FACTORS CAUSING SCARCITY......................................................................................................................23
CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCARCITY.......................................................................................24
POSSIBLE PATHWAYS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE TO CONFLICT....................................................................24
CRITIQUE : NEOCLASSICAL ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL ECOLOGISTS........................................................24
C8 : MEDIA AND CONFLICT...............................................................................................................................26
MEDIA...............................................................................................................................................................26
MEDIA SPHERE............................................................................................................................................26
INTERNATIONAL NEWS : NEWS SOURCES...................................................................................................26
NEWS COMMUNICATION PROCESS.............................................................................................................26
SELECTIVE GATEKEEPING..................................................................................................................................27
MEDIATISED CONFLICTS...................................................................................................................................28
PARADIGMS.................................................................................................................................................28
NEW NATURE OF INFORMATION IN CONFLICT : CASE OF RWANDA / ZAÏRE / DR CONGO..........................28
C9 : MEDIATION AND NEGOTIATION................................................................................................................30
CONFLICT RESOLUTION METHODS...................................................................................................................30
TRADITIONAL PEACEKEEPING...........................................................................................................................31
NEGOTIATION AND MEDIATION.......................................................................................................................32
C10 : PEACEKEEPING.........................................................................................................................................33
,CONCEPTUAL CLARIFICATIONS.........................................................................................................................33
TRADITIONAL PEACEKEEPING (RECAP).............................................................................................................34
DEFINING HI.................................................................................................................................................34
ASSESSING HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION...............................................................................................35
PEACEKEEPING : UN QUIZ.................................................................................................................................35
C11 : OBSTACLES TO PEACE..............................................................................................................................36
NATURE OF POST-CONFLICT SOCIETIES : TYPOLOGIZING.................................................................................36
OBSTACLES TO PEACE.......................................................................................................................................38
C12 : PEACE EDUCATION..................................................................................................................................42
IMPACT OF CONFLICT ON EDUCATION.............................................................................................................42
NEXUS OF EDUCATION, PEACE AND CONFLICT................................................................................................42
FACES OF EDUCATION – BUSH & SALTARELLI..............................................................................................42
4R FRAMEWORK..........................................................................................................................................42
PEACE EDUCATION...........................................................................................................................................43
CONFLICT-SENSITIVE EDUCATION...............................................................................................................43
DIRECT AND INDIRECT PEACE EDUCATION..................................................................................................43
C13 : POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION AND PEACEBUILDING......................................................................44
DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION (DDR).....................................................................44
THEORY BEHIND DDR : GREED – GRIEVANCE FRAMEWORK........................................................................45
COMPLEXITY AND PARADOXES...................................................................................................................45
CONCEPTUALIZING PEACE : NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE PEACE – JOHAN GALTUNG...........................................46
PEACEBUILDING OBJECTIVES AND CHALLENGES..............................................................................................46
C1 : BACKGROUND INFORMATION COURSE
LEARNING GOALS
+ describe main characteristics and evolution of violent conflicts
+ compare main theories of conflict
+ explain main challenges and complexities of peace processes
+ gain critical perspective of current peacebuilding practices
+ apply theories to explain conflict causes and peace challenges (analysis of actual conflict cases)
, CONCEPT MAP
