1) the heart of the organisation, and the organisation should do everything possible to foster its organisational
culture.
2) stories, rituals, symbols, language and terminology of an organisation.
3) subunits and subgroups within an organisation.
4) shared values and behaviour that knit a community together.
An organisation is a formally arranged structure, that consists of…
1) emotions of human beings within the framework of the organisation.
2) mutual understaning between members of the organisation.
3) employees of an institution who are arranged to make provision for the division of labour, in order to achieve
stated objectives.
4) two or more employees working together to achieve a common objective.
The objectives of organising include one of the following:
1) Ensuring that government activities are organised in an orderly manner.
2) Meaningful division of government activities and the creation of structural descriptions of functions as well as
the establishment of structures of authority.
3) Necessary measures to optimise effectiveness by means of teamwork.
4) Establishing organisational structures to formulate and pursue government objectives.
The closed organisational model is represented by three schools, namely…
1) Bureaucratic, humanistic and scientific management schools.
2) Humanistic, organisational development and administrative management schools.
3) Organisational development, administrative management and humanistic schools.
4) Bureaucratic, scientific management and administrative management schools.
Proponents of organisations as open systems, assume the following about
such organisations:
1) Interaction with the external environment is essential.
2) The process of receiving feedback from the external and internal environments is open.
3) Organisational inputs from the external and internal environments are key to their succcess.
4) They have more dynamic relationships with their external environment when compared with closed systems.
The rational principle is one of the three principles identified by Weber, that provide the
basis for legitimate authority in accordance with his view of the“ideal type” of
bureaucracy. This principle is based on…
1) a dedication to an individual and the normative prescripts and behaviour advocated by that individual.
2) sacrosanct nature of age-old traditions and the legitimacy of action by those who exercise their authority in
terms of these traditions.
3) the legitimacy of normative prescripts, and heavy reliance on the right of those in positions of authority to
give instructions to their surbordinates.
4) emphasis on the use of rules and regulations and a hierarchical structure as presented by offices and
positions of the workers in such offices.