Complete MCAT – Biology Revision Questions for Final Exam 2024/2025

A - AnsIf we're looking at the brain from the top, what major part will we see (the most superficial part)? (A) Cerebrum (B) Midbrain (C) Medulla (D) Brain Stem Interphase (most cells live here. The exception is cancer cells) - AnsThe resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis. This is where the cell grows, but doesn't divide. Mitosis - AnsPart of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated. 28 pairs to 46 pairs. - AnsDescribe the S phase. The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins. We make organelles and proteins here. - AnsDescribe the G1 phase Go Phase (Cell Growth and Division) - AnsA non-growing state distinct from interphase. Responsible for variations in length of the cell cycle between different types of cells. C - AnsWhich phase of the cell cycle does the cell make microtubules? A. G1 B. S C. G2 D. M CDK1/cyclin B - Ansnecessary for cell to enter Metaphase (Metaphase Promoting Factor) Cyclin D and Cyclin E (The CDK4/Cyclin D complex will phosphorylate Rb. By doing this, Rb can no longer inhibit DNA replication.) - AnsWhat two cyclins bind to CDK4 and CDK2 in G1/S? p53 (Blocks the progression of cell cycle when there is cancer.) - AnsWhat protein is considered the "guardian of the genome"? Inhibits CDKs - AnsWhat is the role of p21? Tumor suppressor genes - Ansp53 and Rb are considered what kind of genes? Oogenesis - AnsThe production, growth, and maturation of an egg, or ovum D (Prophase I is the first step of the first division of meiosis. Hint #22 / 3 A chromatid is a single copy of the genetic information, while chromosomes are counted by the number of centromeres. Hint #33 / 3 In prophase I the cell has undergone DNA replication, but has yet to divide, leaving it with 46 chromosomes and 92 chromatids.) - AnsOogenesis, the process that creates female gametes, is halted at prophase I until puberty. Which of the following describes the DNA content of a female's gametes during her childhood? (Choice A) A 23 chromosomes, 46 chromatids (Choice B) B 23 chromosomes, 23 chromatids (Choice C) C 46 chromosomes, 46 chromatids (Choice D) D 46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids True - AnsTrue or False: Cytoplasmic division is unequal in oogenesis. Contact inhibition in cells is a growth control mechanism that is often damaged or turned off in cancerous growths. - AnsWhat is contact inhibition? An uncontrolled growth. - AnsWhat is a neoplasm? D (A cancer is an uncontrolled, quickly dividing cellular mass. Cellular division is an energy intensive process, and cancer cells tend to use an increased amount of ATP. Loss of function mutations in the mechanisms that prot