EXAM #12 MENTAL HEALTH NURSING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Formulate a definition of mental health. - correct answer successful adaptation to
stressors from internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms
Apply Jahoda's six characteristics to develop in childhood to have positive mental
health. - correct answer 1-a positive attitude toward self (accepts strengths and
weaknesses, strong sense of personal identity and security within the environment)
2-growth, development and the ability to achieve self-actualization (successfully
achieves tasks of each level of development, with achievement the person gains
motivation for advancement to highest potential)
3-integration (ability to adapt and respond appropriately. Maintain anxiety at a
manageable level in response to stressful situations.)
4-autonomy (ability to perform independently, makes choices and accepts responsibility
for the outcomes)
5-perception of reality (perception of the environment without distortion, capacity for
empathy and social sensitivity, respect and concern for wants and needs of others)
6-environmental mastery (achieved a satisfactory role in society or environment, able to
love and accept the love of others, able to strategize, make decisions, adjust and adapt
when faced with life situations)
Describe the APA definition of mental illness. - correct answer "a syndrome
characterized by clinically signifiant disturbance in an individual's cognitions, emotion
regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological or
developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually
associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupational, or other
important activities. An expected or culturally approved response to a common stressor
or loss such as the death of a loved one is not a mental disorder"
Differentiate other factors that support diagnosis on DSM 5. - correct answer •Provides
the standard language by which clinicians, researchers, and public health officials in the
United States communicate about mental disorders.
•Current DSM-5 was published in May 2013, marking the first major overhaul of
diagnostic criteria and classification since the DSM-IV in 1994.
•The previous version of DSM was completed nearly two decades ago; since that time,
there has been a wealth of new research and knowledge about mental disorders.
•What is DSM and why is it important?
•Contains descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.
•Provides a common language for clinicians to communicate about their patients and
establishes consistent and reliable diagnoses that can be used in the research of
mental disorders.
•Provides a common language for researchers to study the criteria for potential future
revisions and to aid in the development of medications and other interventions
,Describe the views of mental health in the following periods: prehistoric, 17th - 20th
centuries. - correct answer Prehistoric:
•Dispossessed of soul
-Treatment: Soul to be returned
•Evil spirits or supernatural/magical powers had entered body
-Treatment: Exorcism to purge body (beatings, starvation, torture)
•Broken taboo or sinned
-Treatment: Ritualistic purification or retribution.
•Demons or witchcraft
-Treatment: Burned at the stake
•Hippocrates 400 BC
-Believed body fluids; blood, black and yellow bile and phlegm (humors) were not
aligned causing mental illness.
-Treatment: induce vomiting and diarrhea with potent cathartics.
Middle Ages (500-1500 AD)
•Europe
•Witchcraft and supernatural in Severe mental illness were sent out to sea on sailing
boats to search for their lost rationality. (Expression "ship of fools" derived from this)
•Middle Eastern Islamic countries
•Actually ill
•Special units within general hospitals for mental illness and residential institutions (first
asylums)
•Colonial Americans
•Punished for behaviors associated with witchcraft
U.S. 16th and 17th Century
•Care of mentally ill was the family's responsibility
•If no family, incarcerated to avoid harm to others
U.S. 18th century
•First hospital in America to admit clients with mental illness in Philadelphia.
•Benjamin Rush, often called "father of American psychiatry", was a physician at the
hospital. (Rush University Medical College was named the in honor of Benjamin Rush,
MD, the only physician with medical school training to sign the Declaration of
Independence.)
•Initiated humanistic treatment and care with kindness, exercise and socialization.
•Also used bloodletting, purging, physical restraints, and extremes of temperatures,
19th Century: State asylums
§Dorothea Dix (school teacher) lobbied on behalf of mentally ill population
§Belief that mental illness was curable and that state hospitals should provide
humanistic therapeutic care.
§Mentall
, Name major developments in mental health during the 1950's, 1963, 1983, and 1990's.
- correct answer 1950's
1954: Introduction of antipsychotic medications
§ Thorazine (chlorpromazine) had FDA approval for psychiatric treatment. Recognized
as the 1st antipsychotic drug.
§ By the 1970s, tardive dyskinesia had diminish its use.
§Did you know that the sedative effect of Thorazine is so similar to a surgical lobotomy
that the drug has been controversially labeled a "chemical lobotomy"?
1955: Incorporation of Psychiatric Nursing as a requirement for all nursing schools
Early 1950's Treatment of psychotic patients included lobotomy, electroshock, or insulin
coma therapy.
1963-Community Mental Health Centers Act (President John F. Kennedy signed)
§Antipsychotic medications led to this movement
§Construction of community mental health centers .
§Deinstitutionalization movement (closing of state mental hospitals)
1983-The Mental Health Act (MHA) info on rights of those with mental health problems
on:
§assessment and treatment in hospital
§treatment in the community
§pathways into hospital, which can be civil or criminal
1990's-
1990: Americans with Disabilities Act, protects mentally and physically disabled
Americans from discrimination in employment, public accommodations, transportation,
telecommunications, and state and local government services.
1996: Mental Health Parity Act," the first federal legislation to bring more equity to health
insurance coverage of mental health care.
Differentiate examples of health promotion, illness prevention, and health restoration in
mental
Health nursing. (primary, secondary, and tertiary preventions) - correct answer
primary---services aimed at reducing the incidence of mental disorders within the
population
Emphasis includes: 1) assisting individuals to increase their ability to cope w stress 2)
targeting and diminishing harmful forces
-nursing focus: teaching parenting skills and child development to prospective new
parents, teaching effects of alcohol/drugs to elementary students, teaching stress
management to general population
Secondary--interventions aimed at minimizing early symptoms of psychiatric illness and
directed toward reducing prevalence and duration of illness. Emphasis: early
identification of problems and prompt initiation of effective treatment
Formulate a definition of mental health. - correct answer successful adaptation to
stressors from internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms
Apply Jahoda's six characteristics to develop in childhood to have positive mental
health. - correct answer 1-a positive attitude toward self (accepts strengths and
weaknesses, strong sense of personal identity and security within the environment)
2-growth, development and the ability to achieve self-actualization (successfully
achieves tasks of each level of development, with achievement the person gains
motivation for advancement to highest potential)
3-integration (ability to adapt and respond appropriately. Maintain anxiety at a
manageable level in response to stressful situations.)
4-autonomy (ability to perform independently, makes choices and accepts responsibility
for the outcomes)
5-perception of reality (perception of the environment without distortion, capacity for
empathy and social sensitivity, respect and concern for wants and needs of others)
6-environmental mastery (achieved a satisfactory role in society or environment, able to
love and accept the love of others, able to strategize, make decisions, adjust and adapt
when faced with life situations)
Describe the APA definition of mental illness. - correct answer "a syndrome
characterized by clinically signifiant disturbance in an individual's cognitions, emotion
regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological or
developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually
associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupational, or other
important activities. An expected or culturally approved response to a common stressor
or loss such as the death of a loved one is not a mental disorder"
Differentiate other factors that support diagnosis on DSM 5. - correct answer •Provides
the standard language by which clinicians, researchers, and public health officials in the
United States communicate about mental disorders.
•Current DSM-5 was published in May 2013, marking the first major overhaul of
diagnostic criteria and classification since the DSM-IV in 1994.
•The previous version of DSM was completed nearly two decades ago; since that time,
there has been a wealth of new research and knowledge about mental disorders.
•What is DSM and why is it important?
•Contains descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.
•Provides a common language for clinicians to communicate about their patients and
establishes consistent and reliable diagnoses that can be used in the research of
mental disorders.
•Provides a common language for researchers to study the criteria for potential future
revisions and to aid in the development of medications and other interventions
,Describe the views of mental health in the following periods: prehistoric, 17th - 20th
centuries. - correct answer Prehistoric:
•Dispossessed of soul
-Treatment: Soul to be returned
•Evil spirits or supernatural/magical powers had entered body
-Treatment: Exorcism to purge body (beatings, starvation, torture)
•Broken taboo or sinned
-Treatment: Ritualistic purification or retribution.
•Demons or witchcraft
-Treatment: Burned at the stake
•Hippocrates 400 BC
-Believed body fluids; blood, black and yellow bile and phlegm (humors) were not
aligned causing mental illness.
-Treatment: induce vomiting and diarrhea with potent cathartics.
Middle Ages (500-1500 AD)
•Europe
•Witchcraft and supernatural in Severe mental illness were sent out to sea on sailing
boats to search for their lost rationality. (Expression "ship of fools" derived from this)
•Middle Eastern Islamic countries
•Actually ill
•Special units within general hospitals for mental illness and residential institutions (first
asylums)
•Colonial Americans
•Punished for behaviors associated with witchcraft
U.S. 16th and 17th Century
•Care of mentally ill was the family's responsibility
•If no family, incarcerated to avoid harm to others
U.S. 18th century
•First hospital in America to admit clients with mental illness in Philadelphia.
•Benjamin Rush, often called "father of American psychiatry", was a physician at the
hospital. (Rush University Medical College was named the in honor of Benjamin Rush,
MD, the only physician with medical school training to sign the Declaration of
Independence.)
•Initiated humanistic treatment and care with kindness, exercise and socialization.
•Also used bloodletting, purging, physical restraints, and extremes of temperatures,
19th Century: State asylums
§Dorothea Dix (school teacher) lobbied on behalf of mentally ill population
§Belief that mental illness was curable and that state hospitals should provide
humanistic therapeutic care.
§Mentall
, Name major developments in mental health during the 1950's, 1963, 1983, and 1990's.
- correct answer 1950's
1954: Introduction of antipsychotic medications
§ Thorazine (chlorpromazine) had FDA approval for psychiatric treatment. Recognized
as the 1st antipsychotic drug.
§ By the 1970s, tardive dyskinesia had diminish its use.
§Did you know that the sedative effect of Thorazine is so similar to a surgical lobotomy
that the drug has been controversially labeled a "chemical lobotomy"?
1955: Incorporation of Psychiatric Nursing as a requirement for all nursing schools
Early 1950's Treatment of psychotic patients included lobotomy, electroshock, or insulin
coma therapy.
1963-Community Mental Health Centers Act (President John F. Kennedy signed)
§Antipsychotic medications led to this movement
§Construction of community mental health centers .
§Deinstitutionalization movement (closing of state mental hospitals)
1983-The Mental Health Act (MHA) info on rights of those with mental health problems
on:
§assessment and treatment in hospital
§treatment in the community
§pathways into hospital, which can be civil or criminal
1990's-
1990: Americans with Disabilities Act, protects mentally and physically disabled
Americans from discrimination in employment, public accommodations, transportation,
telecommunications, and state and local government services.
1996: Mental Health Parity Act," the first federal legislation to bring more equity to health
insurance coverage of mental health care.
Differentiate examples of health promotion, illness prevention, and health restoration in
mental
Health nursing. (primary, secondary, and tertiary preventions) - correct answer
primary---services aimed at reducing the incidence of mental disorders within the
population
Emphasis includes: 1) assisting individuals to increase their ability to cope w stress 2)
targeting and diminishing harmful forces
-nursing focus: teaching parenting skills and child development to prospective new
parents, teaching effects of alcohol/drugs to elementary students, teaching stress
management to general population
Secondary--interventions aimed at minimizing early symptoms of psychiatric illness and
directed toward reducing prevalence and duration of illness. Emphasis: early
identification of problems and prompt initiation of effective treatment
