ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 Questions And Answers

ASU
BIO
182
EXAM
2
asexual
reproduction
-
ANS
directing
cells
to
divide
and
develop
into
new
tissues
and
organs
without
a
partner
sexual
reproduction
-
ANS
-takes
more
time
and
energy
than
asexual
reproduction
-genetically
diverse
offspring
-requires
fertilization
-requires
haploid
gametes
-mating
most
plants
and
animals
produce_______
-
ANS
gametes
called
eggs
and
sperm
Meiosis
-
ANS
nuclear
division
that
forms
haploid
cells
Meiosis
I
-
ANS
diploid
cells
divide
to
create
2
haploid
cells,
each
with
one
of
the
homologous
chromosomes
Meiosis
II
-
ANS
2
haploid
cells
divide
to
form
4
haploid
cells,
which
develop
into
eggs
or
sperm
Prophase
I
(Meiosis)
-
ANS
-chromosomes
condense
-nuclear
envelope
breaks
down
-spindle
fibers
start
to
form
(microtubules)
-crossing
over
occurs
Metaphase
1
(Meiosis)
-
ANS
Pairs
of
homologous
chromosomes
move
to
metaphase
plate
Anaphase
I
(Meiosis)
-
ANS
homologous
chromosomes
separate
and
move
to
opposite
poles
of
the
cell
Telophase
and
Cytokinesis
(Meiosis)
-
ANS
-chromosomes
gather
at
poles
of
the
cell
-cytoplasm
divides
Prophase
II
(Meiosis)
-
ANS
-2
cells
-a
new
spindle
forms
around
the
chromosomes
Metaphase
II
(Meiosis)
-
ANS
chromosomes
line
up
at
the
metaphase
plate/equator
Anaphase
II
(Meiosis)
-
ANS
-2
cells -centromeres
divide
-chromatids
move
to
opposite
poles
of
the
cells
Telophase
II
and
Cytokinesis
(Meiosis)
-
ANS
-goes
from
2
cells
to
4
cells
-nuclear
envelope
forms
around
each
set
of
chromosomes
-cytoplasm
divides
Asexual
organisms
-
ANS
-New
alleles
must
occur
independently
-can't
be
passed
around
and
mixed
with
the
genetic
make
up/
different
alleles
of
other
organisms
Sexual
organisms
-
ANS
-populations
can
accrue
new
beneficial
alleles
in
a
shorter
period
of
time
than
asexual
organisms
-organisms
in
a
population
can
share
beneficial
alleles
-takes
all
the
best
alleles
and
puts
them
in
a
"basket"
that
selection
can
favor
sex
creates_____
-
ANS
-genetic
variation
among
offspring
-allows
populations
to
adapt
to
environmental
change
faster
organisms
in
more
variable
environments______
-
ANS
-show
a
higher
propensity
(a
preference)
for
sexual
reproduction
compared
to
asexual
-could
be
due
to
increase
in
genetic
variation
to
increase
rate
of
adaptation
to
the
environment
linked
alleles/genes
-
ANS
-genes
are
close
together
on
the
same
chromosome
-breaks
the
law
of
independent
assortment
-genes
closer
to
each
other
on
a
chromosome
are
less
likely
to
recombine
during
crossover
crossing
over
enables_____
-
ANS
an
organism
to
recombine
alleles
on
the
same
chromosome
with
alleles
on
a
homologous
chromosome
genetic
drift
-
ANS
-a
process
through
which
populations
evolve
randomly
-by
chance,
some
individuals
have
more
offspring
than
others
-smaller
populations
evolve
rapidly
Bottleneck
effect
-
ANS
-loss
of
genetic
diversity
following
a
sudden
drop
in
a
population
-can
occur
in
a
single
generation
genetic
drift
occurs
when_____
-
ANS
a
portion
of
the
population
dispersed
to
a
new
habitat/
becomes
separated
by
a
physical
barrier
founder
effect
-
ANS
-loss
of
alleles
that
occur
when
individuals
start
a
new,
smaller
population
-increases
chances
of
genetic
disorder
natural
selection
-
ANS
-causes
phenotypes
to
evolve
in
a
particular
direction