Rosh Review- Endocrine Questions And Answers | 2024 Latest Study Solutions

A 19-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with severe flushing, tremors, and vision changes. Vital signs are BP 240/110 mm Hg, HR 104 beats per minute, RR 20 breaths per minute, and T 100.4°F. She was recently found to have a "mass on her kidney." Which of the following is the most appropriate course of treatment in this patient? - Phentolamine followed by Labetolol! Pheochromocytoma needs ALPHA blockade before BETA Blockade in order to prevent un-blocked alpha receptors leading to Hypertensive Crisis! Then Resection of adrenal tumor causing PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA A 34-year-old man presents complaining of anterior neck pain for the past two days. He had a few days of nasal congestion, a mild sore throat, and a cough three weeks before the onset of neck pain. Physical exam reveals a diffusely enlarged and tender thyroid gland. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? - Subacute Thyroiditis (De Quervains) Tx: Propanol, Aspirin A 35-year-old woman presents for several days of anterior neck pain radiating to her ears, accompanied by dysphagia and "restlessness." She endorses a low-grade fever and fatigue that is "lingering" from her recent flu-like illness. Physical exam shows a tender, symmetrically enlarged thyroid. Laboratory studies show a normal complete blood count, suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone, low antithyroid antibody titers, and a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate. What is diagnosis and treatment? - Subacute Thyroiditis! (De Quervian) Tx: Propanalol and Aspirin!A 36-year-old man presents to your office for a physical exam. He has a family history of diabetes and his body mass index is 30. Which of the following provides the best screening for diabetes mellitus? - Fasting Plasma Glucose! A 44-year-old woman presents with generalized weakness in the proximal muscles, fatigue, headache, weight loss, and abdominal pain with occasional constipation. She has a history of nephrolithiasis one month ago. Physical exam is unremarkable. Laboratory analysis is normal except for a serum calcium level of 10.9 (upper limit of normal is 10.4). Which additional laboratory study should you order next? - Parathyroid Hormone! Hypercalcemia creates the stones, bones, psychogenic groans and abdominal cramping/constipation Tx: Parathyroidectomy A focused diabetic physical examination must include, at minimum, evaluation of which areas? - Vital signs (autonomic neuropathy) Fundoscopy (retinopathy) Feet (diminished pulses, neuropathy) An elevated thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) level is diagnostic for which thyroid disorder? - Hashimoto's Thyroiditis! At what self-monitored glucose level should patients be concerned about hypoglycemia? - <70 gm/dL How does diabetes mellitus cause polyuria? - Hyperglycemia spills over into the kidney tubules, pulling water with it (osmotic diuresis).Hypertriglyceridemia is commonly associated with which gastrointestinal disease? - Acute Pancreatitis In patients with rhabdomyolysis, what is the classic electrolyte abnormality that must also be addressed? - Hyperkalemia! In type 1 diabetes the C peptide level should be absent, normal or elevated? - Absent Elevated would indicate Insulinoma! Is anterior neck bruit associated with hyper or hypothyroid? - Hyperthyroid! Along with: Fine, thin, moist skin, prominent eyes with lid retraction (proptosis, or exophthalmos) and a startled expression. Metformin is first-line treatment in which type of diabetes mellitus? - Diabetes Type II! Insulin is treatment of choice for type I! The adrenal cortex is responsible for the release of what important body factors? - Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) Corticosteroids (cortisol) Androgens (testosterone, estrogen) Though primary adrenal insufficiency is usually due an autoimmune process in the United States, it is occasionally due to which infectious process world-wide? - Tuberculosis!may result in development of primary adrenal insufficiency. True or false: carpal tunnel is a common complication of hypothyroidism? - True What abnormal levels are expected in someone with PCOS? - Increased LH!