Advanced Pathophysiology NURS 6501
Midterm Walden University
1.A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy.
Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?:
Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
2.What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initi-
ates an action potential?:
Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing
the membrane potential from negative to positive.
3.A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His
karyotype would reveal which of the following?:
Answer: XXY
4.A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband,
what is the nurse looking for?:
Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
5.An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will
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,show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the
nurse explain to the aide?:
Answer: Expressivity
6.In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse
include regarding cholesterol?:
Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the
erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
7.When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the
nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an gene:
Answer: Autosomal recessive
8.How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?:
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
9.The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant
extracellular cation as::
Answer: Sodium
10.The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum
results in::
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
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, 11.What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish
aging from diseases?:
Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes
are believed to result from cell injury.
12.What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that
re- veals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X
chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced
nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.:
Answer: Turner syndrome
13.A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the
cell would most of the genetic information be contained?:
Answer: Nucleolus
14.The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down
syn- drome. What is the nurse describing?:
Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
15. A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease.
Trans- mission of this disease is associated with::
Answer: Delayed age of onset
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Midterm Walden University
1.A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy.
Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?:
Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
2.What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initi-
ates an action potential?:
Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing
the membrane potential from negative to positive.
3.A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His
karyotype would reveal which of the following?:
Answer: XXY
4.A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband,
what is the nurse looking for?:
Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
5.An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will
1/
19
,show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the
nurse explain to the aide?:
Answer: Expressivity
6.In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse
include regarding cholesterol?:
Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the
erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
7.When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the
nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an gene:
Answer: Autosomal recessive
8.How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?:
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
9.The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant
extracellular cation as::
Answer: Sodium
10.The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum
results in::
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
2/
19
, 11.What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish
aging from diseases?:
Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes
are believed to result from cell injury.
12.What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that
re- veals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X
chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced
nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.:
Answer: Turner syndrome
13.A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the
cell would most of the genetic information be contained?:
Answer: Nucleolus
14.The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down
syn- drome. What is the nurse describing?:
Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
15. A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease.
Trans- mission of this disease is associated with::
Answer: Delayed age of onset
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19
