ASU Bio 181 Esqueda Exam 2
quorum sensing - correct answer ✔✔The ability of bacteria to sense the presence of other bacteria via
secreted chemical signals.
receptor protein - correct answer ✔✔Membrane protein that triggers a change in cell activity after
binding to a particular substance.
signaling molecules - correct answer ✔✔ligands, neurotransmitters, pheromones, hormones: bind to
receptors
intercellular communication - correct answer ✔✔"between cells"
intracellular communication - correct answer ✔✔"within cells"
small hydrophobic ligands - correct answer ✔✔directly diffuse through the plasma membrane and
interact with internal receptors
hydrophobic ligands - correct answer ✔✔water soluble and polar, usually large and won't cross the
plasma membrane, bind to extracellular receptors
Other Ligands - correct answer ✔✔small, non polar, short-half life, can only travel short distances
internal receptors - correct answer ✔✔(intracellular receptors and cytoplasmic receptors) respond to
hydrophobic ligands that cross plasma membrane
cell surface receptors - correct answer ✔✔(transmembrane receptors, membrane anchored proteins)
bind to external ligands, along the plasma membrane
signal transduction - correct answer ✔✔extracellular signals produce an intracellular response
, ion channel linked receptors - correct answer ✔✔binding of ligand on extracellular side causes opening
of an ion channel and lets ions into the cell
g-protein linked receptors - correct answer ✔✔ligands bind to a receptor which activates a G protein
causing the release of a second messenger such as cAMP
enzyme linked receptors - correct answer ✔✔(receptor kinase) extracellular binds to signal while
intracellular kinase enzyme transfers phosphate group from ATP to another molecule, one molecule
binds to another and adds phosphate group which allows more proteins to bind and become active,
molecules enter nucleus and turn on gene expression SIGNAL IS AMPLIFIED FROM KINASE TO KINASE
cyclic AMP (cAMP) - correct answer ✔✔ATP converts to cAMP in g-protein linked reception, amplifies
the cell signal
g-proteins - correct answer ✔✔active when bound to GTP, inactive wen bound to GDP
signal propagation - correct answer ✔✔signal travels
intracrine signaling - correct answer ✔✔where the ligand and receptor are made and bind to each other
in the same cell
autocrine signaling - correct answer ✔✔signals produced from a cell that binds to a receptor on that
same cell
gap junctions - correct answer ✔✔target cells connected by gap junctions, signaling between adjacent
cells
paracrine signaling - correct answer ✔✔signals that act locally between cells that are close together,
quick response
juxtacrine signaling - correct answer ✔✔signaling that targets adjacent cells by direct contact, signals
transmitted along cell membranes
quorum sensing - correct answer ✔✔The ability of bacteria to sense the presence of other bacteria via
secreted chemical signals.
receptor protein - correct answer ✔✔Membrane protein that triggers a change in cell activity after
binding to a particular substance.
signaling molecules - correct answer ✔✔ligands, neurotransmitters, pheromones, hormones: bind to
receptors
intercellular communication - correct answer ✔✔"between cells"
intracellular communication - correct answer ✔✔"within cells"
small hydrophobic ligands - correct answer ✔✔directly diffuse through the plasma membrane and
interact with internal receptors
hydrophobic ligands - correct answer ✔✔water soluble and polar, usually large and won't cross the
plasma membrane, bind to extracellular receptors
Other Ligands - correct answer ✔✔small, non polar, short-half life, can only travel short distances
internal receptors - correct answer ✔✔(intracellular receptors and cytoplasmic receptors) respond to
hydrophobic ligands that cross plasma membrane
cell surface receptors - correct answer ✔✔(transmembrane receptors, membrane anchored proteins)
bind to external ligands, along the plasma membrane
signal transduction - correct answer ✔✔extracellular signals produce an intracellular response
, ion channel linked receptors - correct answer ✔✔binding of ligand on extracellular side causes opening
of an ion channel and lets ions into the cell
g-protein linked receptors - correct answer ✔✔ligands bind to a receptor which activates a G protein
causing the release of a second messenger such as cAMP
enzyme linked receptors - correct answer ✔✔(receptor kinase) extracellular binds to signal while
intracellular kinase enzyme transfers phosphate group from ATP to another molecule, one molecule
binds to another and adds phosphate group which allows more proteins to bind and become active,
molecules enter nucleus and turn on gene expression SIGNAL IS AMPLIFIED FROM KINASE TO KINASE
cyclic AMP (cAMP) - correct answer ✔✔ATP converts to cAMP in g-protein linked reception, amplifies
the cell signal
g-proteins - correct answer ✔✔active when bound to GTP, inactive wen bound to GDP
signal propagation - correct answer ✔✔signal travels
intracrine signaling - correct answer ✔✔where the ligand and receptor are made and bind to each other
in the same cell
autocrine signaling - correct answer ✔✔signals produced from a cell that binds to a receptor on that
same cell
gap junctions - correct answer ✔✔target cells connected by gap junctions, signaling between adjacent
cells
paracrine signaling - correct answer ✔✔signals that act locally between cells that are close together,
quick response
juxtacrine signaling - correct answer ✔✔signaling that targets adjacent cells by direct contact, signals
transmitted along cell membranes
