Pharmacy Practice Exam 2 (Depression and Bipolar) Questions with Correct Answers

What are mood disorders? - Answer-Among the most common mental disorders characterized by dramatic changes or extremes of mood Mood disorders subdivided into two groups - Answer-1.) Depressive Disorders 2.) Bipolar Disorder How is major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosed? - Answer-When an individual experiences one or more major depressive episodes and without a history of manic, mixed, or hypomanic episodes What manual is used to define MDD episodes? - Answer-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-V-TR) What is depression associated with? - Answer-1.) Significant functional disability 2.) Morbidity 3.) Mortality 4.) Significant pervasive symptoms (Affect mood, Thinking, Physical health, Work, Relationships) What is the biogenic amine hypothesis? - Answer-Depression is caused from decreased brain levels of neurotransmitters (monoamines) such as norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine Which neurotransmitter (monoamine) do depression drugs mainly target and how long do the clinical effects usually take to start working? - Answer-1.) Seratonin 2.) Delayed by weeks (3-4) What is Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)? - Answer-An alternative hypothesis of why we get depression based on the disruption of a growth factor that regulates the differentiation and survival of neurons How does depression present with emotional symptoms? - Answer-1.) Anhedonia (no pleasure in things) 2.) Anxiety 3.) Suicidal ideation How does depression present with physical symptoms? - Answer-1.) Disturbed sleep 2.) Change in weight/appetite 3.) Decreased energy