1. What is the most common cause of acute
pancreatitis?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Alcohol abuse and gallstones
C. Viral infection
D. High protein diet
Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol and gallstones are the most
frequent causes of acute pancreatitis.
2. What is the most common initial symptom of
colorectal cancer?
A. Diarrhea
B. Hematemesis
C. Change in bowel habits or occult bleeding
D. Weight gain
Answer: C
,Rationale: Colorectal cancer often presents
insidiously with altered bowel habits or blood in
stool.
3. In ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome),
what is the main pathophysiologic problem?
A. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
B. Loss of alveolar surfactant and inflammation
C. Chronic mucus hypersecretion
D. Viral invasion of bronchial epithelium
Answer: B
Rationale: ARDS involves diffuse alveolar damage,
inflammation, and surfactant dysfunction causing
impaired gas exchange.
4. Which of the following contributes to the
development of atherosclerosis?
A. Elevated HDL
B. Low LDL
C. Endothelial injury
D. Low blood pressure
,Answer: C
Rationale: Endothelial injury is the initiating event in
atherosclerosis, allowing lipid accumulation and
inflammation.
5. What is the hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma?
A. Bence Jones proteins
B. Philadelphia chromosome
C. Reed-Sternberg cells
D. Myeloblast proliferation
Answer: C
Rationale: Reed-Sternberg cells are large, abnormal
lymphocytes seen in Hodgkin lymphoma.
6. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved
in anaphylaxis?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A
, Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity involves IgE-
mediated release of histamine and other mediators,
leading to anaphylaxis.
7. In hyperaldosteronism, what electrolyte imbalance
is expected?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: C
Rationale: Aldosterone causes sodium retention and
potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.
8. A patient with cirrhosis develops ascites due to:
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia
C. Increased glomerular filtration
D. Decreased antidiuretic hormone
Answer: B
pancreatitis?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Alcohol abuse and gallstones
C. Viral infection
D. High protein diet
Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol and gallstones are the most
frequent causes of acute pancreatitis.
2. What is the most common initial symptom of
colorectal cancer?
A. Diarrhea
B. Hematemesis
C. Change in bowel habits or occult bleeding
D. Weight gain
Answer: C
,Rationale: Colorectal cancer often presents
insidiously with altered bowel habits or blood in
stool.
3. In ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome),
what is the main pathophysiologic problem?
A. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
B. Loss of alveolar surfactant and inflammation
C. Chronic mucus hypersecretion
D. Viral invasion of bronchial epithelium
Answer: B
Rationale: ARDS involves diffuse alveolar damage,
inflammation, and surfactant dysfunction causing
impaired gas exchange.
4. Which of the following contributes to the
development of atherosclerosis?
A. Elevated HDL
B. Low LDL
C. Endothelial injury
D. Low blood pressure
,Answer: C
Rationale: Endothelial injury is the initiating event in
atherosclerosis, allowing lipid accumulation and
inflammation.
5. What is the hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma?
A. Bence Jones proteins
B. Philadelphia chromosome
C. Reed-Sternberg cells
D. Myeloblast proliferation
Answer: C
Rationale: Reed-Sternberg cells are large, abnormal
lymphocytes seen in Hodgkin lymphoma.
6. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved
in anaphylaxis?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A
, Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity involves IgE-
mediated release of histamine and other mediators,
leading to anaphylaxis.
7. In hyperaldosteronism, what electrolyte imbalance
is expected?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: C
Rationale: Aldosterone causes sodium retention and
potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia.
8. A patient with cirrhosis develops ascites due to:
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia
C. Increased glomerular filtration
D. Decreased antidiuretic hormone
Answer: B
