Study Guide for Anatomy and Physiology Nightingale College Exam With Complete Solutions!!

List the 4 basic types of tissue - ANSWER-epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve What is a "hollow organ" - ANSWER-A hollow organ is a visceral organ that is a hollow tube or pouch (as the stomach or intestine) or that includes a cavity (as of the heart or bladder) which subserves a vital function. What are the major endocrine glands and their function - ANSWER-Pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, overies, and testes. As a system, the main function of each gland is the production of hormones. What are the layers of the stomach called (innermost to outer) - ANSWER-The mucous membrane, the submucous layer, the muscular layer, and the serous layer. What is the hypothalamus and its location in the body - ANSWER-It governs the pituitary gland and is in turn controlled by the feedback of hormones in the blood. It is located below the thalamus, just above the brainstem. What are acids and bases - ANSWER-Acids are corrosive to metals; they change blue litmus paper red; they are compounds that are hydrogen or proton donors. Bases (alkaline compounds) are substances that denature proteins, making them feel very slick; they change red litmus paper blue; bases are hydrogen or proton acceptors. What is the pH scale - ANSWER-Is a scale that ranges from 0 to 14 and is a measure of acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a solution. 7 is neutral and lower numbers mean more acidic, and higher numbers mean more basic.