WGU Pathophysiology (Edited)
Which types of tissue most often develop tumors? - ANSEpithelial and connective tissues
Papilloma - ANSA wart
Lipoma - ANSBegins in fatty tissue
Myoma - ANSFibroid
Chondroma - ANSBenign tumor of cartilage cells
What are sarcomas? - ANSThey are tumors that can be found anywhere and begin in
connective tissue
What are the early signs of lymphoma - ANSFevers and night sweats
What is radiation therapy - ANSWhen seeds are implanted into a malignant prostate and then
irradiated, this is called radiation therapy. This is used to reduce damage to healthy tissue
What is a vesicle? - ANSSmall fluid filled elevation of skin (e.g. blister)
What is a pustule? - ANSelevation of the skin containing white blood cells and cell debris
What is a macule? - ANSA spot that is not raised or depressed. (such as a freckle)
What is a papule? - ANSA firm raised area of the skin (such as a pimple)
What is an excoriation? - ANSscratch in the skin
Laceration - ANSRough jagged wound
Fissure - ANSCrack in the skin
Ulcer - ANSSore with disintegration and death of affected tissue
Superficial burn - ANSinvolves the epidermal layer of the skin
Superficial partial thickness burn - ANSappears with blisters and pain at the burn site
What are shingles and how are they treated - ANSShingles are painful vesicular lesions caused
by varicella. The normal treatment is antiviral medications and costicosteroids to decrease pain.
,What is Tissue destruction involving only the epidermal layer of the skin - ANSsuperficial.
What are two signs of allergic skin reactions - ANSPruritus (itching) and urticarial (hives)
What are three autoimmune diseases involving the skin? - ANSPemphigus, scleroderma and
lupus erythematosus are all autoimmuse diseases involving the skin.
Damage to what can disturb equilibrium? - ANSSemicircular canals in the ear
How can otitis media be prevented? - ANSBy placing a myingotomy tube in the ear
What results in progressive hearing loss? - ANSPresbycusis
What can alleviate age-related hearing loss? - ANSSpeaking in clear, low-pitched tones
What are treatment of joint disorders - ANSFALK (fixation of screws, arthrocentesis, laproscopic
repairs, kyoplasty)
(GROS) Gout (type of arthritis) - ANShigher levels of uric acid form crystals that accumulate in
the joints, causing pain and inflammation.
Septic arthritis - ANSMay result from an invasive procedure; invading organisms are usually
carried to the joint by the blood stream.
Osteoarthritis - ANSmost often in weight-bearing joints, like hips and knees; may be the results
of aging and repeated trauma.
Rheumatoid arthritis - ANSinflammation and overgrowth of synovial fluid causes severe pain;
joints stiffen and become useless.
What is mysathenia gravis? - ANSchronic muscular fatigue caused by defect at the
neuromuscular junction.
How is GERD treated? - ANSAntacids and using medication that decreases the production of
HCL
What characterizes chronic pancreatitis - ANSSevere pain and blood test shows elevated serum
amylase. Pancreatitis impacts the digestive process by leading to enzyme imbalances
How do you test for viral hepatitis - ANSTesting blood serology
What is required for blood clotting? - ANSVitamin K
, What type of reaction would arise if a RH negative patient experiences a second exposure to
RH positive blood? - ANSAn Antigen-antibody reaction could arise if a Rh negative patient
experiences a second exposure to Rh positive blood
What are blood diseases - ANS(HALT) Hemophilia (bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of a
clotting factor), Aplastic anemia (bone mare failure decreased red cell production), Leukemia
(increase in WBC), Thalassemia (hereditary disorders causing impaired hemglobin synthesis)
What are three recommendations for the treatment of hypertension? - ANS• Diet modification
• Prescribed diuretics
• Exercise on a regular basis
What does H. pylori cause? - ANSGastrointestinal disorder called peptic ulcer
What is shock - ANSConfusion, anxiety, hypertension
What is atrophy - ANSDecrease in the size of a muscle due to disuese
Strain - ANStearing or overstretching of a tendon or a muscle.
Sprain - ANStearing or stretching of a ligament surrounding a joint that usually follows a sharp
twist.
What is muscular dystrophy - ANSDeterioration of muscles that have intact nerve function
What are strong, painful muscle contractions - ANScramps
How do you describe shoulder joint dislocation - ANSAcuetly painful in the arm and chest area
and often results in the arm being longer than the mate
What might cause abdominal pain and elevated bilirubin? - ANSInflammation of the gallbladder
Amylase - ANSEnzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
Lipase - ANSpancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
Trypsin - ANSan enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine
Nucleases - ANSEnzymes that break down nucleic acids
How can hepatitis be diagnosed - ANSserology and serum chemistry are used for diagnosis
What are two signs of hepatitis - ANSJaundice and loss of appetite are two signs of hepatitis
Which types of tissue most often develop tumors? - ANSEpithelial and connective tissues
Papilloma - ANSA wart
Lipoma - ANSBegins in fatty tissue
Myoma - ANSFibroid
Chondroma - ANSBenign tumor of cartilage cells
What are sarcomas? - ANSThey are tumors that can be found anywhere and begin in
connective tissue
What are the early signs of lymphoma - ANSFevers and night sweats
What is radiation therapy - ANSWhen seeds are implanted into a malignant prostate and then
irradiated, this is called radiation therapy. This is used to reduce damage to healthy tissue
What is a vesicle? - ANSSmall fluid filled elevation of skin (e.g. blister)
What is a pustule? - ANSelevation of the skin containing white blood cells and cell debris
What is a macule? - ANSA spot that is not raised or depressed. (such as a freckle)
What is a papule? - ANSA firm raised area of the skin (such as a pimple)
What is an excoriation? - ANSscratch in the skin
Laceration - ANSRough jagged wound
Fissure - ANSCrack in the skin
Ulcer - ANSSore with disintegration and death of affected tissue
Superficial burn - ANSinvolves the epidermal layer of the skin
Superficial partial thickness burn - ANSappears with blisters and pain at the burn site
What are shingles and how are they treated - ANSShingles are painful vesicular lesions caused
by varicella. The normal treatment is antiviral medications and costicosteroids to decrease pain.
,What is Tissue destruction involving only the epidermal layer of the skin - ANSsuperficial.
What are two signs of allergic skin reactions - ANSPruritus (itching) and urticarial (hives)
What are three autoimmune diseases involving the skin? - ANSPemphigus, scleroderma and
lupus erythematosus are all autoimmuse diseases involving the skin.
Damage to what can disturb equilibrium? - ANSSemicircular canals in the ear
How can otitis media be prevented? - ANSBy placing a myingotomy tube in the ear
What results in progressive hearing loss? - ANSPresbycusis
What can alleviate age-related hearing loss? - ANSSpeaking in clear, low-pitched tones
What are treatment of joint disorders - ANSFALK (fixation of screws, arthrocentesis, laproscopic
repairs, kyoplasty)
(GROS) Gout (type of arthritis) - ANShigher levels of uric acid form crystals that accumulate in
the joints, causing pain and inflammation.
Septic arthritis - ANSMay result from an invasive procedure; invading organisms are usually
carried to the joint by the blood stream.
Osteoarthritis - ANSmost often in weight-bearing joints, like hips and knees; may be the results
of aging and repeated trauma.
Rheumatoid arthritis - ANSinflammation and overgrowth of synovial fluid causes severe pain;
joints stiffen and become useless.
What is mysathenia gravis? - ANSchronic muscular fatigue caused by defect at the
neuromuscular junction.
How is GERD treated? - ANSAntacids and using medication that decreases the production of
HCL
What characterizes chronic pancreatitis - ANSSevere pain and blood test shows elevated serum
amylase. Pancreatitis impacts the digestive process by leading to enzyme imbalances
How do you test for viral hepatitis - ANSTesting blood serology
What is required for blood clotting? - ANSVitamin K
, What type of reaction would arise if a RH negative patient experiences a second exposure to
RH positive blood? - ANSAn Antigen-antibody reaction could arise if a Rh negative patient
experiences a second exposure to Rh positive blood
What are blood diseases - ANS(HALT) Hemophilia (bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of a
clotting factor), Aplastic anemia (bone mare failure decreased red cell production), Leukemia
(increase in WBC), Thalassemia (hereditary disorders causing impaired hemglobin synthesis)
What are three recommendations for the treatment of hypertension? - ANS• Diet modification
• Prescribed diuretics
• Exercise on a regular basis
What does H. pylori cause? - ANSGastrointestinal disorder called peptic ulcer
What is shock - ANSConfusion, anxiety, hypertension
What is atrophy - ANSDecrease in the size of a muscle due to disuese
Strain - ANStearing or overstretching of a tendon or a muscle.
Sprain - ANStearing or stretching of a ligament surrounding a joint that usually follows a sharp
twist.
What is muscular dystrophy - ANSDeterioration of muscles that have intact nerve function
What are strong, painful muscle contractions - ANScramps
How do you describe shoulder joint dislocation - ANSAcuetly painful in the arm and chest area
and often results in the arm being longer than the mate
What might cause abdominal pain and elevated bilirubin? - ANSInflammation of the gallbladder
Amylase - ANSEnzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
Lipase - ANSpancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
Trypsin - ANSan enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine
Nucleases - ANSEnzymes that break down nucleic acids
How can hepatitis be diagnosed - ANSserology and serum chemistry are used for diagnosis
What are two signs of hepatitis - ANSJaundice and loss of appetite are two signs of hepatitis
