nau bio 202 exam 4 rometo Questions with 100 % correct answers | verified

the physiological term for the process of swallowing: - ️️deglutition what are the functions of the urinary system? - ️️- formation of urine - filtration of blood - management of waste products in blood - adjustment of plasma pH - regulation of BP and blood vol. - temporary storage of urine glucose is reabsorbed from the nephron lumen into the nephron cell via: - ️️cotransport (symport) with sodium what is the name of the nervous system plexus that innervates the muscularis external of the GI tract? - ️️myenteric plexus mucous neck cells ____. G cells ___. parietal cells ____. D cells ___. chief cells ____. ECL cells ____. A. HCL B. mucous C. pepsinogen D. gastric E. histamine F. somatostatin - ️️mucous neck cells - B (mucous) G cells - D (gastrin) parietal cells - A (HCL) D cells - E (histamine) chief cells - C (pepsinogen) ECL cells - F (somatostatin) according to the myogenic regulation of GFR, an increase in BP = AAs stretch and an increase in GFR is countered by: - ️️vasoconstriction of AA to bring GFR back down to normal in order to micturate, the following must happen (3): - ️️- contraction of the internal urethral sphincter - contraction of the external urethral sphincter- relaxation of the detrusor muscle the smallest structural and functional unit of the kidney: - ️️nephron What is the cephalic phase of digestion? - ️️occurs when we see, smell, or think of food which enzyme converts proteins into peptides? - ️️pepsin order of parts of nephron (7) - ️️1. glomerulus 2. glomerulus capsule 3. proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) 4. descending limb of the Loop of Henle 5. ascending limb of the Loop of Henle 6. distal convoluted tubules (DCT) 7. collecting ducts 3 major processes that result in urine formation - ️️- glomerular formation - tubular reabsorption - tubular secretion what organs are apart of the alimentary canal (7)? - ️️- mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomach - small intestine - large intestine - anus what is not an appropriate name for the functional sphincter at the superior boundary of the stomach? - ️️pyloric sphincter what structures make up the trigone? - ️️- opening to the urethra - ureteric orifices what type of epithelial tissuelines the lumen of the urinary bladder? - ️️transitional match functional characteristic of nephron: - permeable to H2O & impermeable to salts - impermeable to H2O & permeable to salts. - site of nonspecific filtration. - only site of glucose reabsorption. - site of aquaporin insertion by ADH.A. PCT B. ascending limb C. descending limb D. glomerulus E. collecting ducts - ️️- permeable to H2O & impermeable to salts - B. ascending limb - impermeable to H2O & permeable to salts. - C. descending limb - site of nonspecific filtration. - D. glomerulus - only site of glucose reabsorption. - A. PCT - site of aquaporin insertion by ADH. E. collecting ductS what are the functions of the digestive system? - ️️- physical barrier to pathogens - temporary storage of indigestible food - breakdown of food molecules - absorption of digested end products into blood what type of epithelial tissue makes up the mucosal epithelium of the anus? - ️️stratified squamous Net filtration pressure equation - ️️(Pc - Pi) - (*pi*c - *pi*i) sucrase digests sucrose into: - ️️glucose and fructose While you are home for the holidays, your parents surprise you with your favorite breakfast— cardamom and fig pancakes! The scent of cardomom wafts up to your room and stirs you from sleep. Still in bed, you haven't yet seen or tasted the pancakes, yet you notice your mouth is already watering and you feel your stomach "wake-up" and start gurgling. What is this phenomenon called? - ️️the cephalic phase of digestion Because of various endocrinological issues, your patient has been struggling with his weight for years. Though he has undergone countless lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, he cannot seem to loose enough weight to drop out of the "morbidly obese" range. As such, he decided to undergo bariatic (stomach bypass) surgery. In preparing him for surgery, you inform him he will have to take oral forms of vit B12 to prevent pernicious anemia. Why is this? - ️️in order to absorb vit B12 in the small intestine, intrinsic factor is needed. with stomach bypass surgery, the stomach is "bypassed" so intrinsic factor secretion from the parietal cells does not enter into the small intestine. Thus, vit B12 can not be absorbed in the small intestine and there would be a decrease in RBC production, thus causing pernicious anemia. glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (2 types) - ️️- intrinsic - myogenic- tubuloglomerular feedback - extrinsic - neural - hormonal intrinsic: myogenic - ️️- increased BP causes afferent arterioles to stretch= glomerulus works faster - this causes AAs to vasoconstrict= GFR to decrease Intrinsic: Tubuloglomerular Feedback - ️️- GFR increases, NaCl increases bc not enough time to reabsorb - macula densa cells release vasoconstrictor chemicals= AAs constricts - this decreases GFR - negative feedback - GFR decreases, NaCl decreases bc a lot of time for reabsorption - AAs vasodilates extrinsic: neural - ️️- sympathetic nervous system - very low BP - shunt blood from kidney - SNS releases epi and norepi - vasoconstriction increases BP - constriction AA= decreased GFR and increase blood vol and BP - negative feedback of pressure