PSYCO 282 Final Exam Test Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions

time-out from positive reinforcement - loss of access to positive reinforcers following an undesirable behaviour; non exclusionary timeout and exclusionary time-out non exclusionary time-out - after an undesirable behaviour, person remains in the same room or location (the time-in), but is denied access to reinforcers; contingent observation contingent observation - non exclusionary time-out; person is denied access to reinforcers, and must observe others engaging in activities exclusionary time-out - following an undesirable behaviour, person is moved to a different part of the room or location and is denied access to reinforcers, or is moved to a different room; isolation timeout isolation time-out - exclusionary time-out; person is removed from the environment in which the reinforcers are available, to a separate setting in which they are alone basic guidelines for time-out rooms - - at least 6ft x 6ft - properly lighted - properly ventilated - free objects or fixtures that could be harmful - allow audio/visual monitoring of person by supervisor/teacher - not locked contingent delay (release contingency) - time-out does not end if behaviour has not ceased during the time-out period; this prevents escape from time-out as serving as negative reinforcement response cost - removal of reinforcers following an undesirable behaviourpositive punishment - includes applying aversive activities or applying aversive stimuli application of aversive activities - involves low-probability behaviour that the person does not enjoy doing; acts as a punisher if it follows a behaviour and decreases it overcorrection - aversive activities; person has to perform effortful, low-probability behaviours contingent on the problem behaviour; positive practice and restitution positive practice - overcorrection; after a problem behaviour, person must correctly perform an opposite or appropriate behaviour repeatedly restitution - overcorrection; after a problem behaviour, person must correct the effects of the problem behaviour and restore the environment - usually to a condition better than they were initially contingent exercise - aversive activities; after a problem behaviour, a person must perform exercise, usually not related to the problem behaviour guided compliance - aversive activities; after a problem behaviour, a person physically guided to complete a requested behaviour physical restraint - aversive activities; after a problem behaviour, the behaviour analyst holds immobile the part of the person's body that performed the behaviour; response blocking and response interruption/redirection (RIR) response blocking - physical restraint; behaviour analyst physically prevents the person from carrying out or completing the problem behaviour response interruption/redirection (RIR) - physical restraint; combines response blocking and differential reinforcement; after response is blocked, person is prompted to engage in a competing response using a least-to-most prompting hierarchy; used as treatment for automatically reinforced behavioursapplication of aversive stimulation - involves presenting stimuli that are aversive or unpleasant to a person; acts as a punisher if it follows a behaviour and decreases it reprimands - aversive stimulation; harsh verbal criticism of behaviour